Biphasic Effect of Curcumin on Morphine Tolerance: A Preliminary Evidence from Cytokine/Chemokine Protein Array Analysis

Figure 3

Acute tail-flick responses to drug combinations. Formulas of injection, including NS-NS, M1-NS, M1-DMSO, M1-25 Cur and M1-400 Cur, represent normal saline (100 𝜇L, s.c.) followed by normal saline (100 𝜇L, i.p.), morphine (1 mg kg^-1, s.c.) followed by normal saline (100 𝜇L, i.p.), morphine (1 mg kg^-1, s.c.) followed by DMSO (100 𝜇L, i.p.), morphine (1 mg kg^-1, s.c.) followed by low-dose curcumin (25 mg kg^-1, i.p.) and morphine (1 mg kg^-1, s.c.) followed by high-dose curcumin (400 mg kg^-1, i.p.), respectively. The interval between injections for each group was 15 min. ^#P < .05 compared with M1-NS group. ^&P < .05 compared with M1-DMSO group. ^⋇P < .05 < compared with M1-25 Cur group. ^☆P < .05 compared with NS-NS group.