Biphasic Effect of Curcumin on Morphine Tolerance: A Preliminary Evidence from Cytokine/Chemokine Protein Array Analysis

Figure 4

Tail-flick responses to chronic drug combinations for 7 days. Formulas of drug injections, including Mo-NS, Mo-DMSO, Mo-25 Cur and Mo-400 Cur, represent morphine (10 mg kg^-1, s.c.) followed by normal saline (100 𝜇L, i.p.), morphine (10 mg kg^-1, s.c.) followed by DMSO (100 𝜇L, i.p.), morphine (10 mg kg^-1, s.c.) followed by low-dose curcumin (25 mg kg^-1, i.p.) and high-dose curcumin (400 mg kg^-1, i.p.), respectively, on each day. The interval between injections in each group was 15 min. Within the Mo-NS group, ^#P = .005 and ^&P < .001 versus Day 1. For Mo-25 Cur group, ^☆P < .05 compared with Mo-NS at each time; whereas for Mo-400 Cur group, ^★P < .05 compared with Mo-NS at each time.