Cranberry and Grape Seed Extracts Inhibit the Proliferative Phenotype of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Figure 2
GSE administration inhibited CAL27 proliferation in vitro. CAL27 cells were plated in 96-well assay plates with media containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the absence and presence of increasing GSE concentrations (0–80 μg/ml) and were allowed to proliferate for 3 days. The addition of GSE at low concentration (10–20 μg/ml) stimulated proliferation of CAL27 cells, while increasing concentrations elicited dose-dependent inhibition up to GIMAX (–38%) at 70 μg/ml (a) (n = 288, P < .01). Relative-fold increase in proliferation confirmed GIMAX at 70 μg/ml (b), graphed as the relative fold proliferation—measured by day 3 measurement average minus day 1 measurement average (d3–d1). Two-tailed t-test and one-way ANOVA confirm statistical significance of GSE proliferation inhibition of CAL27 at concentrations >50 μg/ml (c). A colour version of this figure is available online as supplementary data.
