Antidepressant-like Effect of l-perillaldehyde in Stress-induced Depression-like Model Mice through Regulation of the Olfactory Nervous System
Scheme 1
Schedule for the drug treatment on stress-induced depression-like model mice (a) and preparation of anosmia-induced mice (b). (a) Briefly, mice were individually placed into water for 15 min (forced swimming; FS). After 2 days, the mice were exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS 1, CMS 2 and CMS 3), which consisted of three different stress situations. The mice were then placed again into water at 60 min after the final treatment of the drug, and the total duration of immobility during a 5 min forced swimming test (FST) was measured. Drugs were treated at days 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11 (9 times). (b) Briefly, intranasal irrigation with 20 μl of 5% ZnSO4 was performed slowly into the bilateral nose under light anesthesia 2 days before FS. After exposure to stresses (mentioned above), the total duration of immobility during a 5 min FST was measured. Following day, the time which the mice spent on the 1% isovaleric acid side was measured for 5 min in the ZnSO4-lesioned test (ZLT). Drugs were treated as same schedule as above (9 times).
