Review Article

Traditional Japanese Kampo Medicine: Clinical Research between Modernity and Traditional Medicine—The State of Research and Methodological Suggestions for the Future

Table 4

Kampo clinical studies comparing Kampo with standard treatment.

Author (Year)ReferenceLanguageICD 10 (disease)DesignCases ( )RandomizationBlindingGroups ( )InterventionControlKampo treatment

Sasaki et al. (2006)[82]JC18.9 (gastroenteric cancer)RCT168NoNo2SKS, Kjuzentaihoto
Sasaki et al. (2007)[83]JC18.9 (cancer chemotherapy)RCT168NoNo2SKS, Kjuzentaihoto
Adachi (1988)[84]JC50.9 (advanced breast cancer)RCT74ENo2SKSjuzentaihoto
Yamamoto et al. (2003)[85]JD25.9 (uterine adenomyosis)RCT24RNo2SKSkeishibukuryogan
Akase et al. (2003)[86]JD50.0 (anemia due to uterine myoma)RCT25RNo2KStokishakuyakusan
Aoe (2007)[87]JD50.8 (iron deficiency anemia)RCT120RNo3SKSjuzentaihoto
Yanagibori et al. (1995)[88]JD50.9 (Iron deficiency anemia,)RCT39ESB2SKSninjinyoeito
Aoe et al. (2000)[89]JD62 (acute posthaemorrhagic anemia)RCT57RNo2SKSjuzentaihoto
Aoe et al. (1999)[90]JD62 (acute posthaemorrhagic anemia)RCT90RNo3SKSjuzentaihoto, ninjinyoeito
Azuma et al. (1994)[91]JE10-E14 (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus)RCT18ENo2SKSseishinrenshiin
Yamano et al. (1995)[92]JE78.5 (hyperlipidaemia)RCT92ENo3SKS, NTdaisaikoto
Sasaki et al. (1991)[93]JE78.5 (hyperlipidaemia)RCT40RNo3SKSdaisaikoto
Ishida et al. (1999)[94]JF41.9 (anxiety disorder, unspecified)RCT15RNo2SKSsaibokuto
Yamagiwa and Fujita (2007)[95]JF45.3 (abnomal sensation)quasi-RCT86RNo2KSrikkunshito
Maruyama (2006)[96]JG43.9 (migraine, unspecified)RCT-cross over28RNo2KSgoshuyuto
Kimura et al. (1991)[97]JG51.3 (facial spasm)RCT20RNo2SKSshakuyakukanzoto
Sekine et al. (2003)[98]JG54.4 (lumbosacral root disorders)RCT-cross over20RNo2KSgoshajinkigan
Inoue (2001)[99]JH65.0 (acute serous otitis media)Case Control34NoNo2KSshoseiryuto, eppikajutsuto
Matsushita et al. (1995)[100]JI67.9, I67.8, I10 (cerebrovascular disease, hypertension)RCT22ENo2KSchotosn
Akiyama et al. (2001)[101]JI73.0 (raynaud's syndrome)Case Control49NoNo2SKStokishakuyakusan, orengedokuto
Fujimori et al. (2001)[102]JJ00 (postinfections cough)RCT25RNo2KSbakumondoto
Kimoto and Kuroki (2005)[103]JJ10 (influenza)Case Control19NoNo2SKSmaoto
Kubo et al. (2007)[104]EJ10.1 (type A influenza infection)quasi-RCT37NoNo2SKSmaoto
Kato et al. (2005)[105]JJ44.9 (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)RCT31ENo2SKSseihaito
Tatsumi et al. (2009)[106]EJ44.9 (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)RCT71ENo2KShochuekkito
Nishizawa et al. (2004)[107]JJ45.0 (bronchial asthma)RCT161RNo2KSshinbito inhalation
Nishizawa et al. (2003)[108]JJ45.0 (bronchial asthma)RCT114RNo2KSshinbito inhalation
Nishizawa et al. (2002)[109]JJ45.0 (bronchial asthma)RCT107RNo2KSsaibokuto
Nishizawa et al. (2002)[110]JJ45.0 (bronchial asthma)RCT94RNo2KSsaibokuto inhalation
Egashira and Nagano (1993)[111]EJ45.9 (bronchial asthma)RCT112ESB2SKSsaibokuto
Mikamo et al. (2007)[112]JJ98.9 (respiratory infection)RCT116NoNo3SKSjumihaidokuto, kakkoto, keishito, kososan, shosaikoto, hochuekkito
Umemoto et al. (2007)[113]JK11.7 (dry mouth)RCT100NoNo3KSbakumondoto
Yamada et al. (1998)[114]JK14.6 (glossodynia)RCT104RNo2KSsaibokuto
Kato et al. (2005)[115]JK21.0 (gastro-oesophageal reflux disease with oesophagitis)RCT19ENo2SKShangekobokuto
Koide (2006)[116]JK21.9 (gastro-oesophageal reflux disease without oesophagitis)RCT118NoNo3SK, KS, Krikkunshito
Higuchi et al. (1999)[117]EK26.9 (Helicobacter pylori)RCT63RNo2SKSgoshuyuto
Yamaguchi and Koide (2007)[118]JK30 (dyspepsia)RCT120ENo3KSrikkunshito
Nishizawa et al. (2004)[119]JK59.0 (constipation)RCT318RNo2SKSkumibinroto
Nakajima et al. (2003)[120]JK73.9 (chronic hepatitis)RCT100ENo3KS, Kshosaikoto
Nakajima et al. (1999)[121]JK73.9 (chronic hepatitis)RCT99RNo2SKSshosaikoto
Tarao (2007)[122]JK73.9 (chronic hepatitis)RCT156NoNo2KKshosaikoto, juzentaihoto
Okuma (1993)[123]JL70.0 (cne vulgaris)RCT268RNo5KS, Kjumihaidokuto, orengedokuto
Nishizawa et al. (2004)[124]JM35.0 (sicca syndrome)RCT847RNo2KSbakumondoto
Nishizawa et al. (2003)[125]JM35.0 (Sicca syndrome)RCT756RNo2KSbakumondoto
Nishizawa et al. (2002)[126]JM35.0 (Sicca syndrome)RCT105CNo2KSbakumondoto
Hayashi et al. (1994)[127]JM48.0 (spinal stenosis)Quasi-RCT27RNo2KShachimijiogan
Maejima and Katayama (2004)[128]JM48.02 (chronic lumbar pain)RCT89RNo3KS, Kgoshajinkigan, shuchibushimatsu
Nishizawa et al. (2007)[129]JN32.8 (overactive bladder)RCT704NoNo2KSgoshajinkigan
Iwabuchi (2000)[130]JN93.9 (dysfunctional uterine bleeding)Case Control183NoNo2KSkyukikyogaito
Takamatsu (2006)[131]JN95.1 (menopausal syndrome)Quasi-RCT170NoNo2KStokishakuyakusan, kamishoyosan keishibukuryogan
Ushiroyama et al. (2005)[132]EN95.8 (menopausal syndrome)RCT131RNo2KSkeishibukuryogan
Matsuo et al. (2005)[133]JN95.8 (menopausal syndrome)RCT-cross over24RNo2SKStokishakuyakusan
Ota et al. (2001)[134]JN95.8 (menopausal syndrome)RCT96RNo2KSkeishibukuryogan, kamishoyosan,goshajinkigan, tokishakuyakusan, tokakujokito, kihito, nyoshinsan
Ushiroyama et al. (2006)[135]JO03.9 (uterine hemorrhage)RCT72RNo2KSkyukikyugaito
Wada et al. (2003)[136]JO90.9 (postpartum condition)RCT60RNo2KSkyukichoketsuin
Sakuma et al. (2002)[137]JO90.9 (postpartum psycho-physical condition)RCT171RNo2KSkyukichoketsuin
Takushima and Inoguchi (2001)[138]JO90.9 (puerperium)Case Control47NoNo2KSkyukichoketsuin
Nishizawa et al. (2003)[139]JR05 (cough)RCT2069RNo2KSbakumondoto
Motoo et al. (2005)[140]ET37.5 (ribavirin-induced anemia)RCT23RNo2KSninjinyoeito
Hushiki et al. (2003)[141]JT45.4 (gastritis due to oral iron)RCT120RNo2SKSrikkunshito
Imazato et al. (1998)[142]JZ01.8 (pretreatment of barium enema)RCT60RNo2SKSshakuyakukanzoto
Yokota et al. (1990)[143]JZ01.8 (pretreatment of barium enema)RCT60RNo2KSdaiokanzoto
Saida et al. (2003)[144]JZ01.8 (pretreatment for bowel endscopy)RCT70ENo2SKSshakuyakukanzoto
Ohnishi et al. (1999)[145]EZ01.9 (pharmacokinetics with carbamazepine)RCT-cross over4RNo2SKSshoseiryuto
Saida et al. (2005)[146]EZ03.1 (pretreatment of colonoscopy)RCT285ENo2SKSdaikenchuto
Sugihara (1999)[147]JZ03.1 (gastric endoscopy)Case Control58NoNo2SKSshakuyakukanzoto
Mizukami et al. (2007)[148]JZ03.8 (pretreatment of colonoscopy)Quasi-RCT42NoNo2SKSshakuyakukanzoto
Ai et al. (2006)[149]EZ03.8 (pretreatment of colonoscopy)RCT110RNo2KSshakuyakukanzoto

J: Japanese; E: English; R: randomization; E: envelops; DB: double blind; SB: single blind; K: Kampo; SK: Standard+Kampo; S: Standard; NT: no treatment; P: placebo; ICD: International Classification of Diseases, Kampo treatment includes only formulae produced after 1986, ICD codes details http://apps.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online/, dosage of the Kampo formulae http://www.jsom.or.jp/medical/ebm/index.html.