Evaluation of Traditional Indian Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants for Human Pancreatic Amylase Inhibitory Effect In Vitro

Table 1

Plant sources and their traditional uses.

Plants namea	V. nob	Family	Parts used	Hypoglycemic and medicinal properties	Ref.
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem)	GMAI3	Meliaceae	Leaves	Antihyperglycemic activity, increase in glucose uptake and glycogen deposition, inhibits activity of epinephrine on glucose metabolism resulting in utilization of peripheral glucose. Does not alter cortisol concentration.	[17, 18]
Bixa orellana L. (Sindhuri)	BOSP1	Bixaceae	Leaves	Hypoglycemic activity by lowering blood glucose by stimulating peripheral utilization of glucose.	[19]
Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. (Bougainvilla)	MARCKBS2	Nyctaginaceae	Leaves	Hypoglycemic effect is by D-pinitol which exerts insulin-like effect and inhibits α-glucosidase.	[20]
Cinnamomum verum J.S.Presl (Cinnamon)	CIZYS1	Lauraceae	Leaves	Hypoglycemic activity is by enhancing insulin activity, increasing lipid metabolism and antioxidant status, capillary function.	[21]
Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric)	SUCL1	Zingiberaceae	Rhizome	Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant property. Decreased influx of glucose in polyol pathway, increasing NADPH/NADP ratio and increased activity of glucose peroxidase.	[22]
Ficus bengalensis L. (Banyan)	GMFB1	Moraceae	Leaves, Bark	Stimulates insulin secretion from beta cells inhibits insulin degradative process.	[23]
Ficus recemosa L. (Umbar)	GMFR2	Moraceae	Fruit pulp	Hypoglycemic activity by β-sitosterol isolated was found to lower the blood glucose level.	[24]
Momordica charantia L. (Karela,); (Bitter gourd)	MARCK1	Cucurbitaceae	Leaves, fruit, seeds	Hypoglycemic effect by inhibition of glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1-6-biphosphatase in liver and stimulation of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.	[25]
Murraya koenigii L. Spreng; (Curry Leaves)	SP-2	Rutaceae	Leaves	Increases glucogenesis and decreases glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.	[26]
Syzygium cumini L. Skeels (Jamun)	SPSC2	Myrtaceae	Seeds	Reduces blood glucose level, increase in serum insulin level, exhibits insulinase activity. Hypoglycemic activity mediated through insulin release mechanism, glycogen content and hepatic glucokinase, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate, and phosphofructokinase levels in diabetic mice.	[4, 17]
Tribulus terrestris L. (Gokshura)	SUTT1	Zygophyllaceae	Seeds	Hypoglycemic activity by inhibiting oxidative stress.	[16]

aThe common Indian name for the plant is given in brackets.
bVoucher numbers as given by Botanical Survey of India, Pune.