The In Vivo Antidiabetic Activity of Nigella sativa Is Mediated through Activation of the AMPK Pathway and Increased Muscle Glut4 Content

Table 3

Effect of NSE on blood biochemistry and tissue lipid parameters.

	Normal control	Diabetic control	N. sativa	Metformin
Plasma total cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.86 ± 0.09	0.65 ± 0.08	0.97 ± 0.08*	0.90 ± 0.10
Plasma LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.13 ± 0.04	0.10 ± 0.06	0.16 ± 0.05	0.08 ± 0.06
Plasma HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.48 ± 0.07	0.26 ± 0.05	0.63 ± 0.04*	0.50 ± 0.08*
Plasma triglyceride (mmol/L)	0.55 ± 0.08	0.50 ± 0.04	0.41 ± 0.08	0.72 ± 0.09*
Plasma leptin (ng/mL)	8.60 ± 2.00	3.50 ± 1.20	3.20 ± 0.50	5.00 ± 1.70
plasma adiponectin (μg/mL)	8.59 ± 1.86	8.50 ± 1.34	5.51 ± 1.32	6.35 ± 1.86
Liver triglyceride (mg/g of tissue)	35.1 ± 18.0	83.3 ± 43.2	28.1 ± 13.5	79.8 ± 31.6
Muscle triglyceride (mg/g of tissue)	5.23 ± 1.10	8.92 ± 3.50	4.23 ± 0.78	10.5 ± 4.39

*Significantly different from Diabetic controls; 𝑃<.05.