Homeopathic Preparations of Quartz, Sulfur and Copper Sulfate Assessed by UV-Spectroscopy
Table 2
The results of the different measurements.
Substance
Location
Age (days)
Type
N
Wavelength range 190–290 nm
Wavelength range 215–290 nm
Mean ± SD
Difference ± SEM
P t-test
95% CI
Mean ± SD
Difference ± SEM
P t-test
95% CI
CuSO4
Lab 1
0.1
Control
4
86.5472 ± 0.0472
0.0528 ± 0.0297
0.1173
−0.0170 to 0.1226
89.4182 ± 0.0495
0.0451 ± 0.0290
0.1745
–0.0272 to 0.1175
0.1
Preparation
25
86.4944 ± 0.0898
89.3730 ± 0.0756
Lab 1
61.0
Control
4
86.4850 ± 0.0459
0.0955 ± 0.0365
0.0196
0.0176 to 0.1734
89.4168 ± 0.0571
0.0656 ± 0.0356
0.1080
–0.0186 to 0.1498
61.0
Preparation
25
86.3895 ± 0.1420
89.3512 ± 0.1060
Lab 2
20.0
Control
10
97.2199 ± 0.0503
0.0497 ± 0.0237
0.0457
0.0010 to 0.0983
98.9036 ± 0.0236
0.0351 ± 0.0116
0.0053
0.0113 to 0.0589
20.0
Preparation
20
97.1703 ± 0.0783
98.8685 ± 0.0396
SiO2
Lab 2
7.5
Control
10
97.4888 ± 0.1162
0.0645 ± 0.0498
0.2084
−0.0386 to 0.1675
99.0687 ± 0.0440
0.0323 ± 0.0187
0.0972
–0.0064 to 0.0710
7.5
Preparation
21
97.4243 ± 0.1542
99.0364 ± 0.0572
S
Lab 2
6.0
Control
11
97.2549 ± 0.3379
0.1257 ± 0.1355
0.3626
−0.1539 to 0.4054
99.0085 ± 0.0963
0.0281 ± 0.0388
0.4758
–0.0520 to 0.1082
6.0
Preparation
20
97.1292 ± 0.3991
98.9804 ± 0.1152
Pooled all
Labs 1 and 2
All
Control
39
0 ± 0.1903
0.0836 ± 0.0364
0.0244
0.0111 to 0.1562
0 ± 0.0604*
0.0456 ± 0.0129
0.0006
0.0199 to 0.0712
Preparation
111
−0.0836 ± 0.2095
−0.0456 ± 0.0902*
Pooled CuSO4
Labs 1 and 2
Various
Control
18
0 ± 0.0494*
0.0758 ± 0.0189
0.0002
0.0381 to 0.1136
0 ± 0.0395*
0.0544 ± 0.0142
0.0003
0.0260 to 0.0827
Preparation
70
−0.0758 ± 0.1249*
−0.0544 ± 0.0897*
Pooled Lab 2
Lab 2
Various
Control
31
0 ± 0.2129
0.0819 ± 0.0503
0.1076
0.0183 to 0.1821
0 ± 0.0626
0.0322 ± 0.0149
0.0346
0.0024 to 0.0620
Preparation
61
−0.0819 ± 0.2547
−0.0322 ± 0.0769
The column “Difference ± SEM” contains the difference between the homeopathic preparations and controls, which indicates the effect of homeopathic preparation on the UV-light transmission. The 95% CI does not include the zero value for statistically significant differences. There were significant differences between some of the CuSO4 homeopathic preparations and controls. Thus, the measurements at both locations that were done some days after preparation showed significant differences between homeopathic preparations and controls but not the measurements performed on the first day after preparation. The UV-transmission was also lower for both SiO2 and S, but not significant. The pooled data, once all data, once only the data for CuSO4 and once only for data from Lab 2 exhibit significant differences in transmission between homeopathic preparations and controls. Asterisk signifies a significant Levene's test, which indicates that the variance was significantly different between homeopathic preparation and control. Bold typeface indicates significance P < .05 .
