Anti-Inflammatory, Immunomodulatory, and Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibitory Activities of Ravan Napas, a Formulation of Uighur Traditional Medicine, in a Rat Model of Allergic Asthma

Figure 7

Main anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory targets of Ravan Napas (RN) in allergic asthma. This figure illustrates the cascade of activations and inactivations resulting from exposure to allergen after sensitization in asthma, from exposure of Antigen-presenting cells (APC) to activation of mast cells and neutrophils, activation of Th2 cells liberating ICAM, interleukins, and TNF𝛼, inactivation of Th1 cells releasing INFγ, and so forth. From the results reported, RN, as indicated, acts on various pathways implicated in the bronchial response to antigens: stimulation of Th1, inactivation of Th2, decreased ICAM and HO-1 expression, decreased IgE production, and decreased recruitment of neutrophils and other inflammatory cells.