Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid from Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata) Mitigates 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate-Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Responses of Tumor Promotion Cascade in Mouse Skin
Figure 1
(a) Chemical structure of NDGA and (b) schematic representation of dosing schedule in different groups of animals. Animals were divided into six groups I–VI (n = 6). Control animals (Group I) were treated with topical application of acetone (Ac, 100 μl). Group II animals were treated with 10 nmol of TPA/100 μl of acetone. NDGA (15 μmol/100 μl of acetone) 1 h before TPA (10 nmol/100 μl of acetone) treatment was applied to Group III animals. Group IV animals were treated with topical application of NDGA (25 μmol/100 μl of acetone) 1 h before TPA (10 nmol/100 μl of acetone) treatment. Groups V and VI animals received topical application of 15 and 25 μmol NDGA in 100 μl acetone, respectively. After 24 h the same doses of NDGA or acetone were applied 1 h prior to the second TPA application (10 nmol/100 μl acetone). Animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after 1 h of second TPA application. The skin application area was ~6 c.
