Research Article

Clinical Approach to the Standardization of Oriental Medical Diagnostic Pattern Identification in Stroke Patients

Table 1

Variables related to pattern-identification.

OverweightBody Mass Index 23 (kg/m2)
InsomniaInability to sleep or abnormal wakefulness
FatigueLack of strength
Pale complexionA white complexion with a hint of blue or gray, oftern caused by yang collapse or exuberance of cold
Yellow complexionYellow discoloration of the face, generally suggesting accumulation of dampness
Reddened complexionA complexion redder than normal, indicating the presence of heat
Darkish complexionDark discoloration of the face, often occurring in cold syndrome, water retention, or blood stasis
Flushed cheeksLocalized flush in the cheeks, indicating yin deficiency
HeadachePain in the head
Eye congestionCongestion in eyeballs indicating presence of heat
Eyeball drynessSubjective feeling of dryness in the eyeballs
Phlegm raleAn abnormal breathing sound by phlegm in the airways
Faint low voiceA voice that is faint and low, scarcely audible
Tongue soreUlceration in the oral cavity or tongue
HalitosisBad smell from the mouth
ThirstFeeling of dryness of the mouth with a desire to drink
Bitter taste in the mouthA subjective bitter sensation in the mouth
Profuse sweatingExcessive sweating not related to a hot environment, physical exertion, or taking diaphoretics
Night sweatingSweating during sleep that ceases on awakening
Chest discomfortUnwell feeling of stuffiness and fullness in the chest
NauseaAn unpleasant sensation with an urge to vomit
BorborigmusA rumbling sound made by the movement of gas in the intestines
Aversion to heatStrong dislike of heat, also known as heat intolerance
Afternoon tidal feverFever more marked in the afternoon
Heat in the palms and solesSubjective feverish feeling in the palms and soles
Vexing heat in the extremitiesUncomfortable heat sensation in the extremities
Reversal cold of the extremitiesPronounced cold in the extremities up to the knees and elbows, also the same as cold extremities
Frequent urinationIncreased frequency of urination
Reddish yellow urineDark yellow or even reddish urine, indicating heat
ConstipationHardened feces difficult to evacuate
Pale tongueA tongue less red than normal, indicating Qi and blood deficiency
Pale red tongueA tongue of normal color
Red tongueA tongue redder than normal, indicating the presence of heat
Bluish purple tongueA cyanotic tongue, indicating blood stasis or heat
White furA tongue coating white in color
Yellow furA tongue coating yellow in color
Thick furA tongue coating where the underlying tongue surface is not visible
Dry furA tongue coating that looks dry and feels dry to the touch
Teeth marked tongueA tongue with dental indentations on its margin
Enlarged tongueA tongue that is larger than normal, pale in color and delicate
Spotted tongueA tongue with red, white or black spots
Mirror tongueA completely smooth tongue free of coating, like a mirror
Floating pulseA superficially located pulse which can be felt by light touch and grows faint on hard pressure
Deep pulseA deeply located pulse which can only be felt when pressing hard
Slow pulseBradycardia
Rapid pulseTachycardia
Strong pulseA general term for strongly beating pulse
Vacuous pulseA general term for a feeble and void pulse
Thin pulseA pulse as thin as a silk thread, straight and soft, feeble yet always perceptible upon hard pressure
Slippery pulseA pulse coming and going smoothly like beads rolling on a plate
Rough pulseA pulse coming and going unsmoothly with small, fine, slow joggling tempo like scraping bamboo with a knife
Flooding pulseA pulse beating like dashing waves with forceful rising and gradual decline