Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Original Article

Wound Healing Activity of Rubus sanctus Schreber (Rosaceae): Preclinical Study in Animal Models

Table 1

Wound healing processes and healing phases of the vehicle, negative control, R. sanctus extracts and Madecassol administered animalsa.
GroupsWound healing processesHealing phases
SUREFPCDMNCPMNNVMCIPR
Vehicle+/+++++−/++++++++/++++++++−
Negative control−/+++−/+++/+++/++−/+++/++++++++−/+
Hexane extract+−+++/++++−/+−++++/++++
Chloroform extract+−+++/+++++−++++/++++
Ethyl acetate extract+−+++++++−++++++/++++
Methanol extract+−++++++−/+−−/++−/+−/++++
Madecassol+/++−++++++−−+++/+++/+++++
S: Scab; U: Ulcus; RE: re-epithelization; FP: fibroblast proliferation; CD: collagen depositions; MNC: mononuclear cells; PMN: polymorphonuclear cells; NV: neovascularization; MC: Mast cells; I: inflammation phase; P: proliferation phase; R: re-modeling phase.
, VG and TB stained sections were scored as mild (+), moderate (++) and severe (+++) for epidermal and/or dermal re-modeling.