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Duration | Mode of trial | Formulation | Results | Safety | Conclusion | Reference |
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8 weeks | Parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo control, 39 subjects | 1500 mg G. cambogia + 300 μg chromium picolinate/day | No significant effect between groups | Itching around mouth in both treatment and placebo groups. | None toxic | [43] |
|
8 weeks | Parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo control, 35 subjects | 1500 mg G. cambogia before meal/day | No changes in blood glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and glucose. | Headaches and nausea in both treatment (2) and placebo (1) groups | None toxic | [44] |
|
4 weeks | Parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo control, 144 subjects | 55 mg G. cambogia + 19 mg chromium + 240 mg chitosan/day | Treated group possessed significant weight loss, lower TC, LDL and higher HDL as compared to placebo | Headaches and nausea in both treatment (2) and placebo (1) groups | None toxic | [45] |
|
12 weeks | Parallel, randomized, double blind, placebo control, 84 subjects | 3000 mg G. cambogia (50% HCA)/day | No significant effect between groups | Intestinal disorders, headache, or upper airway symptoms in both treatment and placebo groups | None toxic | [46] |
|
6 weeks | Parallel, randomized, double blind, placebo control, 18 subjects | 750 mg G. cambogia + 750 mg calcium + 750 mg guggulsterone + 750 mg L-tyrosine/day | No significant effect between groups | Not reported | — | [47] |
|
12 weeks | Parallel, randomized, double blind, placebo control, 33 subjects | 300 mg G. cambogia + 1200 mg Phaseolus vulgaris + 1200 mg inulin/day | Better weight lose in treated group | Not reported | — | [48] |
|
12 weeks | Parallel, randomized, double blind, placebo control, 89 subjects | 2400 mg G. cambogia/day | Better weight lose in treated group | Not reported | — | [49] |
|
8 weeks | Parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo-control, 82 moderate obsese subjects | 2800 mg HCA; 4667 mg of HCA-SX in combination with niacin-bound chromium and standardized Gymnema sylvestre extract/day | Significant weight loss, reduction in BMI, increased fat oxidation, favorable lipid profile, reduction in circulating plasma leptin levels, increase in serum serotonin levels, and decreased appetite as determined by reductions in food intake were detected in HCA-SX treatment group, and to a greater extent the combination of the 3 ingredients | No serious adverse effects were detected, except several minor adverse effects such as leg cramps, heartburn, diarrhea, gas, increased appetite, headaches, stomach burn, and menstrual disorders | None toxic | [50] |
|
12 weeks | Parallel, randomized, double blind, placebo control, 98 subjects | G. cambogia + kidney bean pods + chromium yeast | Better weight lose in treated group | More gastrointestinal symptoms in treated group. | None toxic | [51] |
|
12 weeks | Parallel, randomized, double blind, placebo control, 44 subjects | 1,667.3 mg of G. cambogia extract/day (1,000 mg HCA/day) | No significant effect on TG between treatment and placebo group. Answer to the concept of potential spermatogenesis impair [27] | No significant reproductive toxicity on serum testosterone, estrone, and estradiol levels, hematology, serum triacylglycerol, and serum clinical pathology parameters | None toxic | [52] |
|
12 weeks | Parallel, randomized, double blind, placebo control, 58 subjects | 2400 mg G. cambogia + 1500 mg Amorphophallus konjac/day | No significant effect between groups | No significant difference between treatment and placebo groups | None toxic | [53] |
|
2 weeks × 3 times | Parallel, randomized, double blind, placebo control, 21 subjects | 500 mg HCA + 300 medium chain TG/day | No significant effect between groups | Not reported | — | [54] |
|
8 weeks | Parallel, randomized, single blind, placebo control, 40 subjects | 1000 mg of HCA/day | Reduction of visceral fat area and visceral fat area/subcutaneous fat area | No significant difference in hematological parameters (white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets) and clinical chemistry parameters (SGPT, SGOT, c glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, insulin, acetoacetic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and total ketone bodies) between groups | None toxic | [55] |
|
10 days | Cross-over, randomized, placebo control, 44 subjects | 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg G. cambogia/day | | No significant different in hematology and clinical chemistry analysis before and after treatment no unusual electrocardiographic effects. | NOAEL > 4 g HCA | [56] |
|
5 hours | Cross-over, randomized, double blind, placebo control, 20 subjects | extracts of, G. cambogia, green tea, caffeine, and yerba mate | | No unusual electrocardiographic effects. | | [57] |
|
?? | Cross-over, randomized, double blind, placebo control | 5600 mg HCA/day | ?? | Yet to be published | ?? | [58] |
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2 weeks | Cross-over, randomized, single blind, placebo control, 24 subjects | 900 mg HCA/day | Decreased energy intake | No adverse effect | None toxic | [59] |
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