A Chan Dietary Intervention Enhances Executive Functions and Anterior Cingulate Activity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 2
Mean performance in executive functioning of the control and experimental groups at before and after one-month period.
Control group ()
value
Effect size
Experimental group ()
value
Effect size
Before
After
Before
After
Attention
D2: concentration performance
78.67 (41.33)
98.22 (61.23)
0.074
0.535+
92.86 (50.47)
109.14 (53.00)
0.059
0.690+
Go/No-go: omission#
20.20 (22.08)
25.00 (30.67)
0.170
0.319
38.00 (43.06)
31.80 (38.32)
0.109
0.421
Mental flexibility
FPT: unique design
15.67 (9.29)
16.22 (8.29)
0.320
0.137
12.56 (11.36)
20.33 (15.84)
0.004**
1.204++
CCTT-T2: time (in seconds)#
94.09 (72.17)
67.18 (32.64)
0.078
0.562+
132.08 (98.00)
78.73 (51.44)
0.017*
0.936++
Response inhibition
D2: commission#
22.00 (27.24)
21.44 (29.05)
0.461
0.034
23.57 (38.21)
14.86 (32.32)
0.016*
1.047++
Go/No-go: commission#
13.00 (11.30)
11.40 (7.40)
0.216
0.261
13.27 (11.47)
15.27 (13.66)
0.204
0.260
Planning
ToC: achievement score
5.70 (2.41)
6.20 (3.97)
0.344
0.131
6.25 (3.41)
8.88 (5.28)
0.039*
0.733+
FPT: five-point test; D2: D2 Test of Attention; CCTT-T2: time: total completion time in trial 2 of the Children’s Color Trails Test; ToC: Tower of California Test. Standard deviations are in parenthesis. #Lower value indicates better performance; *, **; +medium effect size, ++large effect size.
