A Chan Dietary Intervention Enhances Executive Functions and Anterior Cingulate Activity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 3

Mean performance in executive functioning of the control and experimental low-functioning subgroups at before and after one-month period.

	Control Group (𝑛=9)		𝑃 value	Effect size	Experimental Group (𝑛=8)		𝑃 value	Effect size
	Before	After			Before	After
Mental Flexibility
FPT: unique design	11.00; (6.99)	11.67; (4.80)	0.353	0.163	4.60; (4.34)	8.80; (6.18)	0.084	0.752^+
CCTT-T2: time^#	112.34; (89.16)	71.88; (41.88)	0.098	0.695^+	184.25; (98.48)	110.27; (56.28)	0.032*	1.448^++
Response Inhibition
D2: commission^#	26.00; (33.11)	23.67; (34.06)	0.384	0.128	43.33; (56.01)	31.33; (49.07)	0.049*	1.710^++
Planning
ToC: achievement score	5.29; (2.43)	4.86; (3.34)	0.309	0.199	3.75; (2.36)	5.75; (4.27)	0.228	0.426

FPT: five-point test; D2: D2 Test of Attention; CCTT-T2: time: total completion time in trial 2 of the Children’s Color Trails Test; ToC: Tower of California Test. Standard deviations are in parenthesis. ^#Lower value indicates better performance; *𝑃<0.05; ⁺medium effect size, ⁺⁺large effect size.