Beneficial Effect of Shikonin on Experimental Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium in Balb/C Mice

Figure 6

Expression of cytokines in the supernatant of colonic culture by ELISA. Colons were cultured for 24 h, supernatants were collected, and cytokines were measured in duplicate with ELISA. Left panels represent the levels of cytokines measured in the whole colon (after removing cecum and anus); right panels represent the levels of cytokines measured in the different areas of the colon (proximal, mid, and distal area). Results are expressed as the concentration of cytokine referred to wet weight (pg mL⁻¹mg⁻¹) ±SEM and are representative of three independent experiments with 2 colons per group. Differences with the colitic group were determined by means of a one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s t-test (^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01; significantly different from the colitic group; ^#𝑃<0.05, ^##𝑃<0.01; significantly different from the noncolitic group).