The Cytotoxicity Mechanism of 6-Shogaol-Treated HeLa Human Cervical Cancer Cells Revealed by Label-Free Shotgun Proteomics and Bioinformatics Analysis
Figure 2
Effects of 6-shogaol on cervical cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell-cycle arrest. (a) HeLa cells were treated with 0.1% DMSO, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μM 6-shogaol and 8.6 μM doxorubicin for 24 h, and cell viability was determined by MTT assay. (b) Morphological change induced by 15 μM 6-shogaol in HeLa cells after 24 h treatment (1200x magnification). Typical apoptotic morphological change in 6-shogaol treated cells was observed. Apoptosis (c) and DNA histograms (d) of HeLa cells were obtained by flow cytometry analysis. Apoptosis and accumulation in G2/M phase was observed after 24 h of 6-shogaol treatment. An increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells was also obtained. Shown are representative results of three independent experiments.
