Clerodendrum inerme Leaf Extract Alleviates Animal Behaviors, Hyperlocomotion, and Prepulse Inhibition Disruptions, Mimicking Tourette Syndrome and Schizophrenia
Figure 1
Cl extract dose-dependently inhibited hyperlocomotor activity induced by methamphetamine but not spontaneous locomotor activity. Effects of CI extract on the locomotor activity of mice with (a and c) or without (b and d) methamphetamine (MA) treatment. The locomotor activity was measured by horizontal and vertical interruptions of infrared (IR) beams in the testing chamber every 5 min for 2 hours after i.p. injection of 2 mg/kg methamphetamine (a) and (c) or normal saline (b) and (d). Mice were pretreated with CI extract (10–300 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle for 15 min before the test. (a) and (b): Time courses of changes of IR-beam interruptions after injection of methamphetamine (a) or normal saline (b) in groups pretreated with vehicle or various doses of CI extract. (a): For comparison, the vehicle group without MA pretreatment (open squares) was also included. Two-way ANOVA for MA-treated groups with repeated measures over time analysis indicated significant differences with a main effect of Treatment ( =158.2; P <0.05) and Time ( =15.63; P < 0.05), and in the interaction of Treatment by Time ( = 0.34; P < 0.05). (b): There was no significant difference among groups (two-way ANOVA). (c) and (d): Total interruptions in 2 hours after MA or saline treatment in various groups. ***P < 0.001 versus the vehicle group ( = 9.591; P < 0.001 for (c); = 2.045, P = 0.086 for (d), one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test). N = 9.
