Effects of Bee Venom on Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in Neuronal and Glial Cells
Figure 2
Effect of BV on glutamate-mediated toxicity in BV2 microglial cells. (a) BV2 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of glutamate. Cell viability was measured using an MTT assay. (b) BV2 cells were pretreated with 2.5 or 5 μg/mL BV for 1 h and then stimulated with 5 mM glutamate or vehicle for 24 h. An MTT assay was then performed to evaluate cell toxicity. (c) LDH release by BV- or vehicle-pretreated BV2 cells stimulated with glutamate for 24 h or vehicle was quantified. All values are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. from five independent experiments. *** indicates P < 0.001 compared to untreated cells, and # and ## indicate P < 0.05 and P < 0.005, respectively, compared to glutamate-treated BV2 cells (Glu).
