Hematopoietic Cell Transplant and Use of Massage for Improved Symptom Management: Results from a Pilot Randomized Control Trial

Table 3

(a) Changes in negative affect from baseline to 1 week after transplant. Mean “+” change indicates worsening; mean “−” change indicates improvement; ES “−” indicates benefit for intervention compared with control; ES “+” vice versa.

Symptom change (scale range)	Arm	Means ±SD			ES	p °
		Before	After	Change
Depression¹ (0–4); by child report	I; C	0.7±0.9; 0.7±0.8	0.9±1.1; 1.4±1.0	+0.2±1.1; +0.7±1.1	−0.45	0.33
Anxiety¹ (0–4); by child report	I; C	0.9±1.0; 1.4±1.1	0.6±1.0; 0.7±0.8	−0.3±0.9; −0.7±1.0	+0.42	0.37
Worry¹ (0–4); by child report	I; C	1.4±1.1; 1.7±1.4	1.4±1.2; 1.3±1.3	−0.0±1.2; −0.4±1.2	+0.32	0.50
Complaining/demanding¹ (0–4); by parent report	I; C	2.4±1.5; 2.0±1.5	2.1±1.0; 2.1±1.2	−0.3±1.7; +0.1±0.7	−0.45	0.21

(b) Changes in positive affect and sleep quality from baseline to 1 week after transplant. Mean “+” change indicates improving; mean “−” change indicates worsening; ES “+” indicates benefit for intervention compared with control; ES “−” vice versa.

Symptom change (scale range)	Arm	Means ±SD			ES	p °
		Before	After	Change
Contentness/serenity² (0–4); by child report	I; C	2.3±1.4; 2.1±1.3	2.2±1.5; 1.3±0.8	−0.1±1.6; −0.9±1.1	+0.50	0.29
Overall mood² (0–4); by child report	I; C	2.8±0.9; 2.9±0.7	2.3±0.9; 2.3±1.0	−0.4±1.2; −0.6±0.8	+0.20	0.72
Sleep³ (0–4); by child report	I; C	2.7±1.1; 2.3±1.0	2.4±1.3; 2.7±0.8	−0.3±0.8; +0.4±0.5	−0.96	0.05

¹ Higher score: worse negative affect.
² Higher score: higher positive affect.
³ Higher score: better sleep.
* ES: standardized effect sizes.
° t-test.
I: intervention, C: control.
SD: Standard Deviation.
(Sample 𝑁 for intervention (I) versus control (C); intention to treat: 15 versus 7).