Research Article
Hydrotherapy for the Treatment of Pain in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 2
Median values and standard deviation values of outcome measures at each time point.
| Outcome measure | Group allocation | Baseline | Week 20 | Week 24 | Week 30 | Percentage change from baseline to week 20 |
| Pain VAS | Control | 7 (1.9) | 6 (2.3) | 6 (2.1) | 6 (2.4) | 23% Improvement | Experimental | 7 (2.1) | 3 (2.3) * φ | 4 (2.6) * φ | 5 (2.5)* | 50% Improvement |
| McGill Pain Questionnaire PRI | Control | 23 (10.21) | 20 (12.47) | 21 (11.53) | 22 (10.06) | 17% Improvement | Experimental | 19 (11.34) | 12 (7.45) * φ | 14 (10.04) * φ | 19 (12.19) | 40% Improvement |
| McGill Pain Questionnaire PPI | Control | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.4) | 2 (1.3) | 5% Improvement | Experimental | 2 (1.7) | 1 (0.5)* | 1 (1.5) | 2 (1.8) | 40% Improvement |
| Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire | Control | 9 (6.11) | 5 (4.27)* | 6 (5.33)* | 8 (5.91) | 12% Improvement | Experimental | 7 (8.43) | 2 (1.56) * φ | 3 (2.32) * φ | 3 (2.05) * φ | 100% Improvement |
| Spasm VAS | Control | 6 (3.1) | 4 (4.5) | 5 (3.86) | 6 (2.76) | 10% Improvement | Experimental | 5 (2.8) | 2 (4.3) * φ | 2 (3.9) * φ | 4 (3.1) | 91% Improvement |
| MSIS-29 Physical | Control | 46 (18.34) | 45 (17.14) | 46 (19.12) | 46 (15.93) | 6% Improvement | Experimental | 48 (15.91) | 41 (12.37) * φ | 45 (11.25) * φ | 48 (12.89) * φ | 78% Improvement |
| MSIS-29 Psychological | Control | 30 (23.53) | 25 (19.36)* | 27 (21.29) | 29 (20.39) | 37% Improvement | Experimental | 34 (29.47) | 21 (15.73) * φ | 22 (17.94) * φ | 24 (11.27) * φ | 81% Improvement |
| MFIS Physical | Control | 25 (9.41) | 22 (11.03) | 23 (10.34) | 24 (11.17) | 9% Improvement | Experimental | 26 (9.02) | 14 (10.37) * φ | 17 (9.76) * φ | 22 (13.81) | 48% Improvement |
| MFIS Cognitive | Control | 19 (8.95) | 17 (7.13) | 17 (8.59) | 18 (10.27) | 13% Improvement | Experimental | 23 (9.82) | 13 (3.41)* | 15 (6.28)* | 17 (7.95) | 61% Improvement |
| MFIS Psychosocial | Control | 5 (2.8) | 4 (3.1) | 4 (2.9) | 5 (3.4) | 26% Improvement | Experimental | 5 (2.2) | 2 (2.1)* | 2 (1.3)* | 3 (2.3) | 58% Improvement |
| Fatigue Severity Scale | Control | 5 (5.1) | 4 (3.9) | 5 (5.2) | 5 (3.8) | 12% Improvement | Experimental | 6 (3.1) | 3 (2.2)* | 3 (2.4)* φ | 4 (2.2) | 39% Improvement |
| Beck Depression Inventory II | Control | 15 (8.68) | 13 (5.91) | 14 (9.01) | 14 (8.93) | 11% Improvement | Experimental | 14 (7.72) | 5 (3.2)* φ | 9 (4.88)* φ | 11 (5.92) | 52% Improvement |
| Barthel Index | Control | 87 (10.34) | 88 (8.92) | 90 (7.65) | 90 (8.73) | 2% Improvement | Experimental | 91 (7.12) | 86 (9.23)* | 87 (8.79)* | 89 (9.05) | 9% Improvement |
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Median values and standard deviations (SD). *Significant change from baseline value. φSignificant difference between experimental and control groups.
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