Validation Study of Kim's Sham Needle by Measuring Facial Temperature: An N-of-1 Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Table 3

Temperature changes after smoking and treatment with real or sham needle.

Subject	Needle	After smoking (°C)	After needling (°C)	Temperature　 difference (°C)	* 𝑃 value <0.05
					** 𝑃 value <0.01
					(paired 𝑡-test)
A	Real	30.01±0.99	30.89±1.03	0.87±1.60	0.0270*
	Sham	30.71±0.96	29.89±1.20	−0.81±0.35
B	Real	31.72±0.62	31.78±0.53	0.06±0.20	0.0072**
	Sham	32.04±1.32	31.65±1.41	−0.38±0.33
C	Real	32.05±0.94	32.01±0.72	−0.03±0.26	0.0138*
	Sham	31.66±0.42	31.23±0.33	−0.43±0.26
D	Real	31.16±0.92	31.50±0.73	0.20±0.39	0.0164*
	Sham	31.57±0.71	30.90±1.01	−0.67±0.92
E	Real	31.86±1.10	32.17±1.01	0.31±0.32	0.0688
	Sham	32.49±0.65	32.20±0.37	−0.28±0.67
F	Real	32.60±0.76	32.36±0.68	−0.24±0.21	0.0450*
	Sham	33.24±0.79	32.42±0.74	−0.81±0.39
G	Real	32.32±1.03	32.67±0.78	0.34±0.34	0.0431*
	Sham	32.97±0.51	32.47±0.45	−0.50±0.57