Botanical Extracts from Rosehip (Rosa canina), Willow Bark (Salix alba), and Nettle Leaf (Urtica dioica) Suppress IL-1-Induced NF-κB Activation in Canine Articular Chondrocytes
Figure 4
Effects of botanical extracts on IL-1β-induced upregulation of proinflammatory enzymes in chondrocytes. Serum-starved chondrocytes ( cells/mL) were cultured for 24 h and then treated with 10 ng/mL IL-1β for 48 h, botanical extracts (each 10 μg/mL) for 72 h, or pretreated with botanical extracts (10 μg/mL each) for 24 h and then cotreated with 10 ng/mL IL-1β for 48 h or left untreated and evaluated after 72 h. IL-1β-stimulation leads to an increase in synthesis of COX-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13 (I, II, III). However, COX-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13 upregulation was blocked in chondrocytes pre-incubated with botanical extracts (10 μg/mL each) for 24 h and then co-treated with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) for 48 h (I, II, III). In untreated and in botanical extracts alone treated control cultures, expression of COX-2-, MMP-9 and MMP-13 were not seen in chondrocytes (I–III). Expression of the housekeeping gene β-actin was not affected by treatment with IL-1β and/or botanical extracts (IV). Data shown are representative of three independent experiments. Treatments: C (untreated control); IL-1β; RC (Rosa canina); SA (Salix alba); UD (Urtica dioica).
