Local and Systemic Cardiovascular Effects from Monochromatic Infrared Therapy in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Table 1
Patient’s basic demographics.
Variables
Groups
P value
Treatment
Placebo
Gender
Female
33 (92%)
28 (80%)
0.189
Male
3 (8%)
7 (20%)
Age (yr)
61.1 ± 9.3
61.3 ± 12.0
0.931
Body mass index (kg/m2)
26.4 ± 5.0
26.0 ± 4.5
0.765
Married
Yes
28 (78%)
26 (74%)
0.730
Educational level
Below 9th grade
21 (58%)
19 (53%)
0.650
Above 9th grade
15 (42%)
16 (47%)
Work status
Yes
6 (17%)
4 (12%)
0.735
Comorbidities
Yes
18 (50%)
21 (62%)
0.322
Smoking
Yes
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
1.000
Alcohol consumption
Yes
3 (8%)
3 (9%)
1.000
Kellgren-Lawrence scores
2.7 ± 0.7
2.7 ± 0.7
0.962
WOMAC*
Pain
130.0 ± 87.9
116.9 ± 84.4
0.493
Stiffness
40.4 ± 47.2
40.6 ± 40.6
0.986
Physical function
413.3 ± 318.1
413.5 ± 326.8
0.999
Note: the scores are presented as the number of cases (percentage) or the mean (standard deviation) for each variable.
*WOMAC: Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index.