Comparative Medical Ethnobotany of the Senegalese Community Living in Turin (Northwestern Italy) and in Adeane (Southern Senegal)

Table 2

Plants used as medicines in Adeane, Casamance, Southern Senegal.

Botanical taxon, family,; and voucher specimen code	Local name(s)	Part(s) used	Preparation and administration	Folk medical use; (used against/to regulate)	Healers	Laypeople	Qs
Acacia albida Delile; (Fabaceae) UNISGSEN019	Kade (f); Kadd (w); Baransango	Root; Bark	Instill the infusion in the eye	Vision problems	+		3
Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd.; ex Delile (Fabaceae); UNISGSEN15	Acacia; mlotique (f); Nep nep (w); Mbano (m)	Root	Apply the infusion externally	Herpes		+	2
				Toothache		+
Acacia seyal Delile (Fabaceae)	Suuro	Leaf	Topical application of liquid resulting from pressed leaves	Toothache	+		1
			Soak in water for some time and drink	Tapeworm	+		11
				Stomachache	+
				Bellyache; (abdominal pains)	+	+
			Drink the cold infusion	Rheumatism	+
			Apply the infusion on hair	Strengthening the hair	+
			Boiled in water and the vapour is inhaled	Cold		+
			Cold infusion is drunk	Blood pressure		+
Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne (Fabaceae) UNISGSEN05	Senjen (w)	Root	Eat it with rice	Sterility		+
			Make aerosol with the infusion?	Lung cancer		+
			Drink the infusion	Bloodstream		+
			Eat it with rice	Ulcer		+
			Eat it with rice	Gastritis		+
			Eat it with rice	Kidney problems		+
			Drink the infusion	Menstrual pain		+
				Malaria		+
			Topical application of the infusion	Herpes		+
			Topical application of the infusion	Boil		+
			Drink the infusion	Fatigue	+	+
			Drink the infusion	Tuberculosis	+	+
		Leaf	Powdered leaf applied to burn and bandaged together with the oil of Arachis hypogaea	Burns	+		12
			Drink the seed juice together with the flowers of Hibiscus sabdariffa	Fatigue	+	+
Adansonia digitata; L. (Malvaceae) UNISGSEN20	Baobab (f); Guy (w)	Seeds	Eat the seeds	Diarrhoea	+	+
			Eat the seeds together with Citrus limon juice	Lack of appetite	+
			Use it with Acacia albida, Guiera senegalensis, Parkia biglobosa, Annona senegalensis, Soora (nonidentified plant), and Ficus sycomorus	Headache, sore throat, cold taken as result of wind		+
Allium cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae)	Oignon (f)	Bulb	Infusion with leaves of Citrus limon	Sore throat	+		1
			Drink the infusion in the morning	Blood pressure	+		8
Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae)	Ail (f); Ladji (w)	Bulb	Eat it raw in the morning	Intestinal worms	+
			Eat it while marabout recites verses of the Koran	Depression		+
Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Xanthorrhoeaceae)		Leaf gel	Use it with Vitellaria paradoxa	Tuberculosis		+	2
			Use it with Vitellaria paradoxa	Hair loss	+
			Drink the infusion	Toothache		+	3
Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae)	Pomme-cajou (f); Darkasa (w); Bara diamboo (m)	Bark		Rheumatism	+
			Put it in cold water for a while and drink it	Toothache		+
				Blood pressure		+
			Drink the infusion	Diabetes		+	3
			Put the powder on the wound	Wounds		+
			Drink the infusion	Rheumatism		+
			Drink the infusion	Bloodstream		+
Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae) UNISGSEN36	Sunkun (m)	Leaf	Drink the infusion with Musa paradisiaca leaves and Combretum micranthum	Blood pressure		+
			Use it with Piliostigma reticulatum	Headache		+
			Use it with Piliostigma reticulatum	Tuberculosis		+
			Use it with Acacia albida, Guiera senegalensis, Parkia biglobosa, Adansonia digitata, Soora (nonidentified plant), and Ficus sycomorus	Headache, Sore throat, Cold taken as result of wind		+
		Leaf	Use it with Acacia albida and Parkia biglobosa	Depression		+
		Fruit	Use it with oil of Elaeis guineensis’ oil	Hair	+		3
Arachis hypogaea L. (Fabaceae) UNISGSEN16	Arachides (f); Gerte (w); Jamba katalig (m)	Leaf	Inhale the infusion prepared together with the leaves of Mangifera indica	General health		+
		Seed→oil	Mix peanut oil together with the powdered leaves of Adansonia digitata and apply to burns before bandaging	Burns	+
		Fruit	Eat the fruit fresh, not toasted	Cold	+
			Wrap the leaf around the head	Headache	+		3
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) UNISGSEN63	Cassia, Neem (f); Niim, Ni va (w); Bantare (m)	Leaf	Infuse with hot water and inhale the steam	Fatigue	+
			Topical application of the infusion	Skin problems	+
			Use it with Carica papaya and Citrus limon	Cold	+
			Make an infusion with shade-dried leaves	Diabetes	+	+	3
Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl. (Poaceae) UNISGSEN54	Bambou (f); Lonk (w)	Leaf	Drink the infusion with Combretum micranthum leaves	High blood pressure		+
			Make an infusion, drink some; of it, and make aerosol with the resting water	Bloodstream		+
			Drink the infusion	Obesity		+
Beta vulgaris L. (Chenopodiaceae)	Betterave (f); Beteraaw (m)	Root	Eat it	Bloodstream	+		1
			Eat it	Anemia	+
Borassus flabellifer L. (Arecaceae) UNISGSEN89	Ronier (f); Kòoni (w)	Fruit	Burnt and pressed, pour resulting liquid into the ear	Earache		+	1
				Malaria	+		6
				Fatigue	+
		Leaf	Warm the leaf up and wrap it around the neck	Sore neck	+
			Topical application of juice from leaf on tooth	Toothache	+
Calotropis procera (Aiton); W.T. Aiton (Apocynaceae) UNISGSEN55	Pomme de Sodome (f); Poftan (m); Kipampaan (p)		Wrap the leaf around the sore knee	Sore knees	+
			Wrap the leaf around the head	Headache	+
		Root	Use it with Ocimum basilicum	Rheumatism	+
		Leaf ?	Use it with Mànganaso (unidentified plant) and Jatropha curcas. Drink it and vomit everything yellow	Yellow fever		+
			Use it with Jatropha curcas and Mànganaso (unidentified plant)	Syphilis		+
Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae)	Marijuana	Seeds	Drink the infusion	Asthma	+		1
			Drink the infusion	Lack of appetite			5
			Drink a glass of water with a chili pepper in it	Intestinal worms	+
Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae)	Kani (w)	Fruit	Mix lemon juice (Citrus limo) together with a chili pepper and gargle with the solution	Sore throat	+
			Put in a small pan with Jatropha curcas, and drink	Hair loss		+
			Put it in lemon juice (Citrus limon) and drink it	Constipation	+
			Eat up the oil that comes out of the nut and dab it on the body three times a day with Vitellaria paradoxa butter	Sore back	+		9
			Mix it with oil of Elaeis guineensis and butter of Vitellaria paradoxa and then dab it on hair	Strengthening the hair	+
			Drink a spoonful every day	Poor memory	+
			Drink a spoonful of it	Cough		+
			Drink a spoonful of it	Sore throat	+
			Topical application of the oil	Eye problems	+
Carapa procera DC.; (Meliaceae) UNISGSEN43	Tulukuna (m)	Seed→oil	Instill oil into the ears	Earache	+
			Drink a spoonful of it	Fever	+
			Drink a spoonful of it	Flu	+
			Dab it on the skin in the area over the kidneys	Kidneys problems	+
			Drink a spoonful of it	Bellyache	+
			Use it before breakfast	Tapeworm	+
			Dab it on affected muscles	Sore muscles	+
			Peel it and apply to the sore tooth	Toothache	+		8
			Use it with Citrus limon and Azadirachta indica	Cold	+
		Root	Drink the infusion, adding salt	Syphilis (2)	+	+
		Leaf	Drink the infusion	Anemia		+
			Use it together with Psidium guajava leaves	Cystitis		+
Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) UNISGSEN21	Papayer (f); Papaayo (w)	Seeds	Dry the seeds in the sun, powder, and add to food	Intestinal worms		+
		Fruit	Eat a soup with a ripe papaya in it together with chicken and a root of Tinospora bakis	Yellow fever	+
			Boil the unripe fruit with undecorticated rice or simply eat the fruit, raw. Another remedy is to crack an egg over the unripe papaya and eat it	Yellow fever	+	+
		Leaf	Drink the infusion together with the buds	Yellow fever		+
			Add the following to water: dry leaves of Musa paradisiaca, little unripe fruits and leaves of Citrus limon, leaves of Cassia occidentalis, leaves of Mangifera indica, leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana and drink	Malaria		+
		Fruit	Eat it together with Parkia biglobosa leaves	Yellow fever	+
		Flower	Crumble flower into the water and drink	Headache	+		14
		Leaf	Wrap around the head	Headache	+
Cassia occidentalis; L. (Fabaceae) UNISGSEN11	Mbanta xobi or; Adiana (w); Kasalaa (m); Bentamarè (s)	Leaf	Wrap around the head	Conjunctivitis	+
		Flowe?	Drink the infusion	Menstrual pain	+
		Leaf	Put it in water for a while and wash yourself with it	Cold (Especially for children)	+
		Flower?	Drink the infusion	For pregnant women	+
		Leaf	Drop juice from pressed leaves; into the ear	Problems of the eardrum		+
		Leaf	Add the following to water: dry leaves of Musa paradisiaca, little unripe fruits and leaves of Citrus limon, leaves of Mangifera indica, leaves of Carica papaya, and leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana	Malaria		+
Cassia tora L. (Fabaceae) UNISGSEN76	Cassepuante (f); Ndur (w)			Blemishes on scalp which may extend to the whole body		+	2
			Use it with Ficus umbellata	Skin fungus		+
		Fruit	Eat it	Bellyache	+		3
		Root	Put little plants’ roots in water and then drink the water It is going to fizz	Fatigue	+
Ceiba pentandra; (L.) Gaertn. (Malvaceae)	Fromager,; Kapotier (f); Bantau; Bentene (w)	Bark	Use infusion made with the bark as a mouthwash	Toothache	+
		Root?		Cancer		+
		Bark?	Pour the infusion on the baby’s head during baptism	Infant strength and protection		+
		Root	Good for the blood because of the red colour	Blood	+	+
		Leaf	Make an infusion together with leaves of Allium cepa	Sore throat	+		9
		Fruit	Drink the juice	Sore throat	+
			Drink the juice	To lose weight	+
			Use the juice together with Capsicum to gargle	Sore throat	+
		Leaf and Fruit	Drink a beverage made with lemon leaf and fruit (Citrus limon)	Headache	+
		Fruit	Put the juice on the affected part together with Panicum miliaceum; flour	Herpes	+
		Fruit	Drink the infusion with lemon juice (Citrus limon) together with two roots of the Gossypium barbadense	Sexual weakness		+
Citrus limon (L.) Burm.; (Rutaceae)	Citron (f); Limon (w)	Leaf and Fruit	Drink a beverage made with little lemons and leaves	Cold	+
		Fruit	Drink the juice	Cold	+
			Use it with Carica papaya and Azadirachta indica	Cold	+
		Leaf and fruit	Add the following to water: dry leaves of Musa paradisiaca, little unripe fruits and leaves of Citrus limon, leaves of Mangifera indica, leaves of Carica papaya, leaves of Cassia occidentalis, leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana and drink	Malaria		+
			Eaten with Carica papaya	Malaria; Yellow fever	+
			Use it with Guiera senegalensis	Asthma	+
		Fruit	Drink the juice	Obesity	+
			Drink the infusion together with Gossypium barbadense	High blood pressure	+
			Dink the juice with honey	Liver	+
Cola cordifolia (Cav.); R. Br. (Malvaceae)	Kaba/Taba	Leaf	Drink the infusion	Malnutrition		+	1
Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl. (Malvaceae) UNISGSEN85	Ptit cola (f); Kola (w); Goro (p)	Seed	Chew it	Stimulant	+		1
			Drink the infusion	Cough	+		2
Combretum glutinosum; Perr. ex DC. (Combretaceae)	Chigommier (f); Rat (w)	Leaf	Drink the infusion	Bronchitis	+
			Drink the infusion	Sore throat	+
			Drink the infusion	Cold	+
		Leaf	Ingested together with Tamarindus indica fruit pulp	Blood pressure	+	+	9
			Drink the infusion with Musa paradisiaca’s leaf and Annona senegalensis	Blood pressure		+
			Drink the infusion	Diabetes	+
			Use it with Tamarindus indica	Asthma	+
		Leaf		Obesity	+
Combretum micranthum G. Don (Combretaceae) UNISGSEN10	Kinkeliba (f); Sekhaw (w)		Drink the infusion	Bloodstream	+	+
			Drink the infusion with these leaves together with Bambusa vulgaris leaves	High blood pressure		+
			Drink the infusion without sugar	Malnutrition		+
		Flower	Drink the infusion with cloves (Eugenia caryophillata) and Xylopia aethipioca seeds	Vision problems	+
		Leaf	Drink the infusion	Bellyache		+
Dialium guineense Willd. (Fabaceae) UNISGSEN17	Solom (w)	Bark	Make aerosol with the infusion	Asthma	+		1
Datura inoxia Mill.; (Solanaceae) UNISGSEN91	Datura (f); Kubejaara	Leaf	Burn the wood and mix the wood ash with powdered leaf ash; External Use only—highly hallucinogenic if used internally	Allergies		+	1
Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae)	Carotte (f)	Leaf	Drink the infusion	Breast cancer	+		1
Dioscorea spp. (Dioscoreaceae) UNISGSEN83	Imuam; Igname (f); Yam (w)	Root	Eat it	To gain weight		+	2
		Leaf	Boil the leaves	Asthma		+
			Put the oil on the hair	Hair	+		6
		Fruit→oil	Topical application	Toothache		+
			Pour in the ears	Earache	+
			Use the palm oil together with Sooto noir (Ficus capensis Thumb.?) powdered root	Liver problems		+
Elaeis guineensis Jacq.; (Arecaceae)	Palmier à huile (f); Tiir (w)		Attach the root of Moringa oleifera to the affected area and then cover the sore part with palm oil. Do not leave the root in place too long or it will cause an infection.	Rheumatism		+
		Seeds	Wear a necklace made out of these seeds	Sore throat	+
			Break the seed and eat the internal part	Gastritis		+
		Root	Put them in wine and drink it	Sterility		+
				Skin fungus	+
		Fruit→oil	Use the palm oil together with peanuts (Arachis hypogea) and dab on hair.	Hair		+
			Use it together with Vitellaria paradoxa butter and Carapa procera, dab on hair	Hair	+
			Apply it on the cuts together with Hessawane	Tetanus	+
			Drink the infusion with Jatropha curcas	Cough	+		1
Erythrina senegalensis DC. (Fabaceae) UNISGSEN34	Erythrine du Senegal (f); Dolliw fatu	Root	Drink the infusion	Syphilis		+
			Drink the infusion	Menstrual pain		+
Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Myrtaceae) UNISGSEN88	Eucaliptus (f); Khotta bu tel (w)	Leaf	Drink the infusion	Blood pressure	+		1
			Make an infusion and use it as mouthwash	Toothache	+		3
Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. (Myrtaceae) UNISGSEN38	Girofle (f); Xorompole (w)	Flower bud	Drink the infusion	Conjunctivitis	+
			Make infusion with seeds of Xylopia aethiopica and Combretum micranthum flower and apply on eyes	Vision problems	+
Euphorbia balsamifera Ait. (Euphorbiaceae)	Salan; Salana; Salan Mbechi	Branch	Cut a branch and put the lymph on the wound	Wounds	+		3
				Toothache	+
Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. (Moraceae) UNISGSEN59	Yirif asotu	Leaf and bark	Drink the infusion	Low blood pressure		+	2
		Leaf	Drink the infusion	Cold		+
Ficus sycomorus ssp. gnaphalocarpa (Miq.) C.C. Berg (Moraceae) UNISGSEN42	Ficus (f); Sooto (m)	Root	Drink the infusion	Fatigue	+		2
		Leaf	Powder branches and leaves together with Jamba Saboo leaves and drink some of it. Wash yourself with the rest of it. Do not eat fish in the meantime.	AIDS		+
Ficus umbellata Vahl (Moraceae) UNISGSEN68	Ñokolokotò (m)	Leaf	Use it with Cassia tora	Skin fungus		+	1
		Leaf		Cough	+		4
Gossypium barbadense L. (Malvaceae)	Cotonnier (f); Uiten (w)	Root	Drink the infusion together with lemon juice (Citrus limon)	High blood pressure	+
			Drink the infusion made with two roots together with lemon juice; (Citrus limon)	Sexual weakness		+
			Drink the infusion three times a day	Cough	+		13
			Chew it and put it on the sore tooth	Toothache	+
			Dry it and use it every day	Sores	+
Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel (Combretaceae) UNISGSEN18	Guiera du Senegal (f); Ngeer (w); Mamakumkoyo (m)	Leaf	Make an infusion together with the lemon leaves (Citrus limon)	Asthma	+
			Drink the infusion with Valda pastille (industrial pastille based on menthol and eucalyptus essential oil)	Cold	+
			Make infusion and apply to hair	Hair		+
			Drink the infusion	Insomnia		+
			Apply chewed leaf onto the wound or powder it and put it on	Wounds	+	+
			Drink the infusion together with Mànganaso’s root (unidentified plant)	Intestinal worms		+
			Infusion prepared with Adansonia digitata, Acacia albida, Parkia biglobosa, Annona senegalensis, Soora Soora (nonidentified plant), and Ficus sycomorus	Headache, sore throat, or cold taken as result of the wind		+
		Leaf and Flower	Drink the infusion	Bloodstream	+		12
		Flower		Flu	+
		Fruit	Make a juice together with Adansonia digitata seeds	Fatigue	+	+
		Flower		Lack of appetite		+
Hibiscus sabdariffa; L. (Malvaceae) UNISGSEN12	Karkadè (f); Bisaab (w)		Use it with Tamarindus indica and Acacia nilotica	Fatigue	+
		Flower	Use it with Phaseolus vulgaris seeds	Anemia	+
			Use it with seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris	Fatigue	+
		Fruit	Remove the seeds and squeeze the fruit juice into the eyes.	Conjunctivitis		+
		Leaf	Make an infusion together with the young leaves of Psidium guajava, drink it, and eat the leaves	Diarrhoea	+	+
Holarrhena floribunda; T. Durand & Schinz; (Apocynaceae) UNISGSEN67	Jarko (m)			Sexually transmitted diseases	+		2
			Drink the tisane	Prostate; Abortion		+
			Collect pieces of bark that face east during sunset and then drink it in 5 litres of water	Cancer	+		6
			Collect pieces of bark that face east during sunset and then drink it in 5 litres of water	Syphilis	+
Jatropha curcas; L. (Euphorbiaceae)	Pignon d’Inde (f); Tabanana (w); Tabanano (m)	Bark and Root	Drink the infusion together with roots of Erythrina senegalensis in it	Cough	+
			Put it in a small pan with Capsicum and drink	Hair loss		+
			Powder it together with Kunjunburun and eat it on rice	Syphilis		+
			Use it with Calotropis procera and Mànganaso (unidentified plant)	Yellow fever		+
			Drink a tisane made with the bark together with Acacia tortilis.	Intestinal worms	+	+	5
			Boil it in the water or put it into cold water for 2 hours and then drink it.	Fatigue	+
			Make aerosol with it	Fatigue		+
Khaya senegalensis; (Desr.) A. Juss. (Meliaceae)	Cailsedrat (f); Xai, kay (w)	Bark	Put in water and drink it	“Makes blood”	+
			Make cold infusion and drink	Kidney problems		+
				Anemia		+
			Put the bark in a bottle and drink it.	Tuberculosis		+
Lawsonia inermis; L. (Lythraceae); UNISGSEN69	Hennè (f); Fuden (w)	Leaf?	Soak it together with the leaves of Psidium guajava and then drink it. The leaves needs to be fresh, not dried.	Stomachache		+	1
Leptadenia hastata Vatke (Apocynaceae)	Mboom (w); Duto (m)	Leaf	Attach the leaves to the back together with hawk’s bones	Kidney problems		+	1
		Root	Scrape at the bark, put it into water, and drink it	Snakebite		+
Lippia chevalieri Moldenke (Verbenaceae)	Samfitò	Leaf	Drink the infusion	Boils		+	1
Maerua crassifolia Forssk. (Capparaceae)	Sothiou (w); Sothiou; suukar	Branch	Rub the stick on the teeth	Clean teeth	+		2
			Chew the branch. Its bark tastes like sugar	Haemorrhoids		+
		Leaf	Make an infusion, with 1.5 L water and a handful of leaves (some say to use only the ones on the floor, others to add salt to the infusion)	Tetanus	+	+	13
		Leaf	Drink infusion	Poor memory	+
Mangifera indica; L. (Anacardiaceae); UNISGSEN37	Manguier (f); Màngo; joolaa (w)	Bark?	Hot infusion and inhale it together with peanut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves	General health	+
		Bark	Make aerosol with it	Toothache	+
		Leaf		Toothache	+	+
		Leaf	Add to water: dry leaves of Musa paradisiaca, little unripe fruits and leaves of Citrus limon, leaves of Mangifera indica, leaves of Carica papaya, leaves of Cassia occidentalis, and leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana	Malaria		+
		Fruit	Eat three fruits	Constipation	+
Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae) UNISGSEN07	Manioc (f); Gnambi (w); Mañok (m)	Leaf	Drink the infusion together with milk curdle and then massage the chest	Lung cancer		+	1
			Make aerosol with the infusion	Asthma		+
		Leaf	Dry in the shade, powder, and eat with food	Diabetes	+		12
		Leaf	Dry it in the shade and then crush it and eat in on rice	Diabetes	+
		Seed	Dry the seeds on the fire, powder, mix with water, and drink	Diabetes	+
Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) UNISGSEN39	Moringa (f); Nebedaay (w); Nebedayo (m)	Root	Grind the root and put it on the fire then dab and bandage	Sore knees	+
		Bark	Soak the root in water for few seconds and then drink	Sore neck		+
		Leaf	Put the leaf in water and wash your eyes with it	Eye allergies	+
		Bark	Soak it in warm (not boiling) water and then drink it	Kidney problems		+
		Root	Attach the root to the affected area, with Elaeis guineensis oil. Do not leave it too long or the root will cause an infection on the sore part.	Rheumatism		+
		Leaf	Dry the leaves in the shade and eat it with Phaseolus vulgaris	Blood pressure	+
		Seed	Put the seeds on the fire, grind into a powder and drink with water	Blood pressure	+
		Leaf	Cut the leaves and dry them in the sun for 24 hours	General health	+		4
Musa paradisiaca; L. (Musaceae)	Bananier (f)	Fruit	Eat it	Stomachache	+
		Leaf	Infusion with Combretum micranthum and Annona senegalensis	Blood pressure		+
			Add to water: dry leaves of Musa paradisiaca, little unripe fruits and leaves of Citrus limon, leaves of Mangifera indica, leaves of Carica papaya, leaves of Cassia occidentalis, and leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana	Malaria		+
		Leaf	Drink the infusion	Headache		+	3
Ocimum basilicum; L. (Lamiaceae) UNISGSEN13	Basilic (f); Ngungun (m)	Seeds	Put the seed into the eyes and everything comes out	Eye problems		+
		Leaf?	Use it with Calotropis procera	Rheumatism	+
Panicum miliaceum L. (Poaceae)	Mil (f)	Fruit	Use the powder (pollen) that falls down during the harvest to massage the body with water and salt. Leave it on half an hour and then wash it away.	Allergies		+	2
			Apply millet powder together with lemon juice (Citrus limon) on the affected area	Herpes	+
			Cut the bark into pieces, boil, and use the water as mouthwash	Toothache	+		2
Parinari macrophylla Sabine (Chrysobalanaceae)	New (w); Tamba	Bark	Make an infusion and drink	Sore throat		+
			Make an infusion and drink it before meals	Helps in digestion		+
			Put the leaf powder on the burns	Burns	+		5
		Leaf	Eat the leaves together with Carica papaya fruit	Yellow fever	+
Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.); R.Br. ex G. Don (Fabaceae) UNISGSEN87	Minosa purpre (f); Uul (w); Nete, Nere (m)		Drink the infusion with powdered leaf and milk	Ulcer	+
			Use it together with Acacia albida and Annona senegalensis	Depression		+
			Use it with Acacia albida, Guiera senegalensis, Annona senegalensis, Adansonia digitata, Soora (nonidentified plant), and Ficus sycomorus	Headache, sore throat, and cold taken as result of the wind		+
		Seed	Cook them with rice	Diabetes	+
			Use with Hibiscus sabdariffa	Fatigue	+		3
Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae) UNISGSEN35	Harricot blanche (f); Niebè (w); Ñebbe	Seeds	Make an infusion with seven seeds and eat them	Breast cancer		+
			Use it with Hibiscus sabdariffa	Anaemia	+
		Leaf?	Eat it together with Moringa oleifera’s sundried leaves	Blood pressure	+
			Put the red liquid inside the bark on the wound then powder the bark and put it on the wound	Wounds	+	+	3
Piliostigma reticulatum (DC.) Hochst. (Fabaceae); UNISGSEN77	Fara (m); Kankuran (p)	Bark	Use it with Annona senegalensis	Tuberculosis		+
			Drink the infusion	Chronic cough		+
Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae)	Poivre noir (f); Mex Pobare (w)	Seed	Drink boiled milk with pepper in it	Sore throat	+
Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. (Fabaceae)	Yiir (w)	Bark	Drink the decoction	Anaemia	+		1
		Leaf	Make aerosol useful to swat and then drink the water	Vertigo	+		1
Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. (Fabaceae) UNISGSEN26	Banaana; golo (w)	Leaf	Make aerosol useful to swat and then drink the water	Pregnant women	+
		Leaf	Drink the infusion	Bellyache		+
		Young leaf	Make an infusion with Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves, drink it, and eat the leaves	Diarrhoea	+	+	10
		Leaf	Drink the infusion	Bellyache		+
Psidium guajava; L. (Myrtaceae); UNISGSEN31	Goyave (f); Guyaab (w)		Use it together with Carica papaya leaf	Cystitis		+
		Fruit	Eat the fruit	Bellyache		+
			Drink the infusion	Diarrhoea		+
		Leaf	Drink the infusion made with young leaves	Diarrhoea	+
			Soak the leaves together with Lawsonia inermis, and then drink it. The leaves need to be fresh, not dried	Stomachache		+
Saba senegalensis (A.DC.) Pichon (Apocynaceae) UNISGSEN76	Màdd (w); Mat mat (m)	Leaf	Drink the infusion	Intestinal worms	+		2
		Fruit	Boil the fruit	Malnutrition		+
		Leaf	Make an infusion	Skin fungus	+		5
Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae)	Tomate (f); Tamaate (w)		Crush the leaf and put the juice and the leaf inside the ear	Earache	+
		Fruit	Apply tomato sauce on the wound	Wounds	+	+
			Eat it raw	Smallpox	+
Solanum tuberosum; L. (Solanaceae)	Pomme de terre (f); Pombiteer (w)	Leaf	Make an infusion and give it to the 1-week-old baby to drink	Strong child	+		1
		Fruit	Eat it raw	Menstrual pain	+
			Use it with Combretum micranthum	Asthma	+
		Fruit	Boil it and wash your eyes with it	Vision problems		+	4
Tamarindus indica L. (Fabaceae)	Tamarin (f); Daqaar (w)		Add salt and rinse your mouth with it	Toothache		+
			Karitè butter together with the bark of Tamarindus indica	Bruises	+
		Bark	Use it with Hibiscus sabdariffa and the bark of Acacia nilotica	Fatigue	+
			Use it with Combretum micranthum	Blood pressure	+
Tinospora bakis (A. Rich.); Miers (Menispermaceae)	Bakis (w)	Root	Eat the root in a soup with a ripe Carica papaya and chicken	Yellow fever	+		1
			Massage the neck	Sore neck (2)	+	+	11
			Massage the body	Cold	+
			Put it on the sore part	Bruises	+
			Massage the chest with Karitè butter	Chronic cough	+
			Add salt to the butter and dab on the back	Backache	+
			Karitè butter together with the bark of Tamarindus indica	Bruises	+
			Massage and dab the sore part of the body	Rheumatism	+
Vitellaria paradoxa; C.F. Gaertn. (Sapotaceae)	Karitè (f)	Seed→butter	Apply on herpes	Herpes	+
			Use it with Carapa procera and Elaeis guineensis’ oil	Hair loss	+
			Use it together with Carapa procera’s nut oil and dab it on the body three times a day	Backache		+
			Dab on the hair	Stronger hair	+
			Use it together with a stick to apply this part	Fractures	+
			Add coffee and tyr (red oil)	To get rid of the dead blood, against fatigue	+
			Use it with Aloe vera	Tuberculosis		+
			Use it with Aloe vera	Hair loss	+
Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal); A. Rich. (Annonaceae) UNISGSEN70	Diar (w); Jar	Fruit; Seed	The seeds are used to prepare the “Touba Coffee”	Blood pressure	+		3

(f): French; (m): Mandingo; (p): Pulaar; (w): Wolof; Qs: quotations (number of informants, who have quoted a specific taxon); ?: uncertain information.