Review Article

A Systematic Review of Xuezhikang, an Extract from Red Yeast Rice, for Coronary Heart Disease Complicated by Dyslipidemia

Table 2

Characteristics of included trials.

IDDiagnostic criteria of CHD (ACS)Diagnostic criteria of dyslipidemiaTypes of CHDSample size (I/C)Age (y, I/C)Interventions groupControl groupDuration of treatmentOutcomes evaluationBalance
report
of
baseline

CCSPS 2005
[4]
Not specifiedTC: 4.40–6.47MI2441/2429(Male: ;
female: )
/(male: ;
female: 6
Xuezhikang 600 mg  therapy (no detail)Placebo + conventional therapy (no detail)4 year
in average
Serum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C), all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, serum lipid level (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C),
ADs
Yes

Dai et al. 1999 [5]WHO 1979 and Gao 1994Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China 1993Unstable angina33/25 Xuezhikang 600 mg, Nitrate esters 10 mg BID + nifedipine GIFTS 30 mg QD/diltiazem 30 mg tid + metoprolol 12.5 mg BID + aspirin 50 mg QD8 weeksSerum lipid level (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C), ADsYes

Gao and Liao 2003 [21]Not specified  mmol/L,
LDL-  mmol/L,
 mmol/L
Stable Angina30/3053–85, 67.5 in averageXuezhikang 600 mg  therapy (no detail)Fluvastatin (Lescol see fluvastatin) 20 mg QD + conventional therapy (no detail)4 weeksSerum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C)Unclear

Guan 2010
[22]
Not specified  mmol/L;
; LDL- ;
.
Two items of the above were included
Stable Angina72/6449–76, 62 in
average
Xuezhikang 600 mg BIDSimvastatin 10 mg QN1 yearCHD mortality, ADsYes

Huang et al. 2005 [23]WHO 1979CADPS 1997OMI and UA45/6344–72Xuezhikang 600 mg BIDSimvastatin 20 mg QN6 weeksSerum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C)Yes

Huang et al. 2009 [24]WHO 1979CADPS 1997Unclear Xuezhikang 600 mg, Nitroglycerine 20 mg BIDIV + 10% KCL + insulinIV QD12 weeksSerum lipid level (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C)Yes

Jiang and Cai 2001 [25]Not specifiedCADPS 1997Unclear Xuezhikang 600 mg  therapy (as same as B)Simvastatin 10 mg QN + conventional therapy (nitrate esters 10 mg tid, aspirin 100 mg QD or anticoagulation drugs or thrombolytic drug or hypoglycemic)8 weeksSerum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C), ADsYes

Li et al. 2011 [26]References [12, 13]As same as Guan 2010Unclear
Xuezhikang 600 mg BIDLovastatin 40 mg QD (20 mg QD if the ALT or AST was 3 times higher than the normal)8 weeksSerum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C), ADsYes

Lin et al. 2009 [27]Chinese Society of cardiology 2000  mmol/L
or LDL-  mmol/L
Unstable angina 35–71, 55.4 in averageXuezhikang 600 mg, Simvastatin 60 mg QN + conventional therapy (nitrate esters, β adrenergic blocking agent, CCB, aspirin, low molecular heparin and et al.6 monthsSerum lipid level (TC, LDL-C), CHD eventsYes

Lou et al. 2008 [28]Chinese society of cardiology 2000  mmol/L
and  mmol/L
and LDL-
Unstable angina Xuezhikang 600 mg  therapy (as same as B)Simvastatin 20 mg QD + conventional therapy (anticoagulation drugs, nitrate esters, β adrenergic blocking agent, ACEI, CCB and et al.)6 monthsSerum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C), Cardiovascular events, ADsUnclear

Ma and Teng 2005 [29]WHO 1979CADPS 1997Unclear
Xuezhikang 600 mg  Conventional therapy (nitrate esters, adrenergic blocking agent, ACEI, CCB and et al.)8 weeksSerum lipid level (TC, TG)Yes

Qi et al. 2001 [30]WHO 1979  mmol/LUnclear Xuezhikang 600 mg, BID (600 mg TID if the lipid level was still higher than the treatment goal) + controlConventional therapy (nitrate esters, adrenergic blocking agent, ACEI, CCB, and et al.)12 weeksSerum lipid level (TC, TG), ADsUnclear

Shang 2007
[31]
WHO 1979CADPS 1997Stable Angina Xuezhikang 1200 mg therapy (as same as control group)Atorvastatin 10 mg QN + conventional therapy (aspirin, nitrate esters, β adrenergic blocking agent, ACEI, and et al.)2 monthsSerum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C)Yes

Wang and Xiao 2000 [32]WHO 1979CADPS 1997MI, UA, CHD with no symptoms 49–76, 62 in averageXuezhikang 600 mg  50 mg QDInositol niacinate 400 mg TID + aspirin 50 mg QD1 yearSerum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C), cardiovascular evnets, ADsYes

Wang et al.
2004 [6]
ACC/AHH 2000CADPS 1997ACS
Xuezhikang 600 mg  Conventional therapy (aspirin, nitrate esters, β adrenergic blocking agent, ACEI, and et al.)12 weeksSerum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C), ADsYes

Xu 2005 [39]Chinese Society of cardiology 2000Not specifiedUA UnclearXuezhikang 600 mg group (1)(1) Conventional therapy (isosorbide dinitrate 10 mg tid, betaloc 25–50 mg BID/TID, aspirin 50–150 mg QD, low molecular heparin 0.4–0.6 mL Q12H or diltiazem 30 mgtid/qid, or plendil 5 mg QD/BID or captopril 12.5–25 mg TID or nitroglycerine)
(2) Conventional therapy (as same as (1)) and atorvastatin 20 mg Qn
1 monthSerum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C)Yes

Yan 2006 [34]Chinese Society of cardiology 2000LDL-C: 1.84–4.12 mmol/LUA Xuezhikang 600 mg  magnesium polarizing liquorIV + heparinIH + Aspirin, Nitrate esters, β adrenergic blocking agent CCB and et al.8 weeksSerum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C), ADsUnclear

Yan and Li
2007 [33]
WHO 1979CADPS 1997Unclear
Xuezhikang 600 mg, Nitroglycerine 20 mg BID.iv + 10% KCL + insulinIV QD8 weeksSerum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C)Yes

Yu et al. 2002 [35]WHO 1979CADPS 1997Unclear
Xuezhikang 600 mg, therapy (as same as control)Placebo + conventional therapy (aspirin, nitrate esters, CCB and et al.)8 weeksSerum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C)Yes

Zhang 2010
[36]
Reference [8]CADPS 1997Unclear (58–80, 72.3 in average)
/(59–82, 73.1 in average)
Xuezhikang 600 mg, Fluvastatin 40 mg QD4 weeksSerum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C)Yes

Zhang 2011
[37]
Unclear  mmol/L
or LDL-  mmol/L
complicated with high TG level
Unclear40/40
Xuezhikang 300 mg TIDAtorvastatin 20 mg/d QD8 weeksSerum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C), ADsYes

Zhou et al.
2003 [38]
Unclear  mmol/L and (or) LDL-  mmol/L or complicate with >1.92 mmol/LACS Xuezhikang 600 mg Conventional therapy (nitrate esters, β adrenergic blocking agent, CCB, anticoagulation drugs, thrombolytic drug, PTCA and et al.)8 weeksSerum lipid level (TC, TG, LDL-C)Yes