Study ID Diagnostic criteria Sample size Mean age (years) Gender (male/female) Intervention Control Duration (months) Followup Outcome measures
Zhang 2011 [12 ] 2002 international
∗
59 38.0 3/54 Jinju Qingrun capsule Hydroxychloroquine sulfate 3 No Response rate, amount of tear secretion, salivary flow rate, improvement of symptoms and signs, ESR, IgG, IgA, IgM,
𝛾
-globulin, and adverse effect
Zheng 2010 [13 ] 2002 international
∗
60 38.0 Female Runzao formula and control intervention Prednisone, methotrexate, and symptomatic support 3 No Response rate, amount of tear secretion, salivary flow rate, GB, CRP, RF, and adverse effect
Yin 2010 [14 ] 2002 international
∗
40 49.0 Female Yangyin Qingre Jiedu decoction Prednisone 1 No Response rate, symptom score, Amount of tear secretion, WBC, RF, ESR, and adverse effect
Liu 2010 [15 ] 2002 international
∗
132 41.0 57/75 Yuquan pill, Shengmai injection, and control intervention Muscarinic receptor agonist, prednisone, tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosidum, cyclophosphamide, and symptomatic support 1 No Response rate and adverse effect
Li 2010 [16 ] Self-made criteria 240 41.0 86/154 Qingre Quyu decoction and control intervention Symptomatic support 6 No Response rate
Huang 2010 [17 ] 2002 international
∗
61 59.1 7/54 Shenmai injection and control intervention Anethol trithione tablets 0.5 No Response rate, amount of tear secretion, salivary flow rate, and adverse effect
Hu 2010 [18 ] 2002 international
∗
64 46.2 Female Ziyin Yangxue Qingre formula and control intervention Hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets 3 No Response rate, symptom score, amount of tear secretion, salivary flow rate, sugar-melt test, CRP, ESR, IgG, IgA, IgM, and adverse effect
Xuan 2010 [19 ] 2002 international
∗
60 53.0 21/39 Shenglu Runzao decoction Hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets 12 No Response rate, symptom score, RF, ESR, SS-A, and SS-B He 2010 [20 ] 1992 Europe
∗
∗
48 35.0 Female Total Glucosides of Paeony and Hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets Hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets 3 No Response rate, ESR, IgA, IgM, γ -globulin, amount of tear secretion, salivary flow rate, and adverse effect
Xie 2010 [21 ]
Dong 1996 [22 ] 60 55.2/52.6 11/49 Yin-nourishing decoction Prednisone, cyclophosphamide 1 No Response rate, symptom score Li 2010 [23 ] 2002 international
∗
40 54.1/48.6 1/39 Yushu-Dihuang decoction Hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets 2 No Response rate, symptom score, self-made quality of life, and adverse effect Yu 2010 [24 ] 2002 international
∗
61 52.1/55.4 5/56 Zi Zao Yin Placebo 3 No Response rate, symptom score, salivary flow rate, liver-kidney function, ESR, CRP, ANA, SSA, SSB, and IgG
Zhang 2009 [25 ] 2002 international
∗
100 40.6 6/89 Jinju Qingrun capsule, placebo of prednisone and symptomatic support Prednisone, placebo of Jinju Qingrun capsule and symptomatic support 3 No Response rate, symptom score, amount of tear secretion, salivary flow rate, ESR, IgG, IgA, IgM, γ -globulin, and adverse effect Yang 2009 [26 ] NA 168 53.7 33/135 Yangyin Shengjin Qingre Tongluo formula and prednisone Prednisone and cyclophosphamide 3 to 6 No Response rate Wang 2009 [27 ] 2002 international
∗
50 45 to 78 5/45 Xuefu Zhuyu oral liquid and control intervention Transfer factor oral liquid 3 No Response rate
Wang 2009 [28 ] 1992 Europe
∗
∗
60 58.0 6/54 Yangyin Jianpi Huoxue decoction, methotrexatum and hydroxychloroquine Methotrexatum, hydroxychloroquine and brombexine 3 No Scores of symptoms and signs, ESR, and CRP Wan 2009 [29 ]
Dong 1996 [22 ] 60 28 to 73 7/53 Quzao decoction and control intervention Brombexine and symptomatic support 2 No Response rate
Su 2009 [30 ] 1992 Europe
∗
∗
60 53.1 2/58 Yangyin Huoxue Shengjin formula and control intervention Hydroprednisone and methotrexate 6 No Response rate, symptom score, amount of tear secretion, sugar-melt test, ESR, IgG, IgA, IgM, and T lymphocyte subpopulation
Mao 2009 [31 ] 2002 international
∗
100 45 to 75 10/90 Xuefu Zhuyu oral liquid and control intervention Transfer factor capsule and symptomatic support 3 No Response rate and adverse effect
Lu 2009 [32 ] 2002 international
∗
and TCM diagnosis [11 ] 58 42.6 4/54 Shengjin granules Hydroxychloroquine 3 No Response rate, symptom score, salivary flow rate, amount of tear secretion, ESR, CRP, TNF-α , ICAM-1, IgG, IgA, IgM, and adverse effect Lian 2009 [33 ] 2002 international
∗
and TCM diagnosis [11 ] 40 52.1 Female Shengjin Runzao granules Placebo 1.5 No Response rate, improvement of symptoms and signs, ESR, IgG, RF, and adverse effect
Huang 2009 [34 ] 2002 international
∗
58 29 to 68 5/53 Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue formula and control intervention Anethol trithlone tablets 1 No Response rate and adverse effect
Gao 2009 [35 ] 2002 international
∗
126 30 to 78 11/115 Xuefu Zhuyu oral liquid and control intervention Transfer factor capsule and symptomatic support 3 No Response rate Liu 2009 [36 ] 1992 Europe
∗
∗
60 41.33/39.95 4/56 Maiwei Dihuang decoction Artificial tear, bromohexine hydrochloride 3 No Response rate, symptom score, ESR, ALT, AST, IgG, IgA, IgM, RF, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, SIL-2R, and amount of tear secretion
Zhong 2008 [37 ] 2002 international
∗
256 37.0 26/230 Chaihu Tongluo capsule, placebo of prednisone and methotrexate Prednisone acetate, methotrexate, and placebo of Chaihu Tongluo capsule 3 No Response rate, salivary flow rate, amount of tear secretion, ESR, CRP, A/G, Tb, IgG, IgA, IgM, and adverse effect
Feng 2008 [38 ] 2002 international
∗
78 47.4 Female Total glycosides of paeony and control intervention Methotrexate 9 Yes Response rate, amount of tear secretion, sugar-melt test, ESR, γ -globulin, and adverse effect
Lv 2008 [39 ] 2002 international
∗
124 43.6 16/108 Jinyuan decoction Brombexine and symptomatic support 3 No Response rate, T lymphocytes (NK cells, CD3 , CD4 , CD8 ), IgG, IgA, IgM, and adverse effect
Han 2008 [40 ] 2002 international
∗
58 32.6 5/53 Xuanfei Bujin particle Brombexine 3 No Response rate, amount of tear secretion, corneal staining test, BUT test, β 2-M, sICAM-1, sIL-2R, ESR, IgG, IgA, IgM, and improvement of symptoms
Wu 2007 [41 ] Guidelines of China [1 ] 42 55.0 8/34 Maiwei Dihuang decoction and control intervention Brombexine, thymopeptide and symptomatic support 2 No Response rate and improvement of symptoms Yan 2007 [42 ] NA 56 Median: 55.2/53.6 6/50 Jiawei Shengmai drink and control intervention symptomatic support 4 No Response rate
Sun 2007 [43 ] 2002 international
∗
124 44.9 16/108 Qingli Shutong formula and control intervention Brombexine and symptomatic support 3 No Response rate and salivary flow rate
Shen 2007 [44 ] NA 20 60 to 70 Female Hydrocortisone injection and compound glycyrrhizin injection Hydrocortisone injection and diammonium glycyrrhizinate injection 2 to 3 Yes Response rate and adverse effect
Mao 2007 [45 ] 1992 Europe
∗
∗
40 53.1 4/36 Yiqi Jianpi decoction Prednisone 3 No Response rate, symptom score, amount of tear secretion, salivary flow rate, sugar-melt test, ESR, CRP, RF
Li 2007 [46 ] 2002 international
∗
68 47.3 7/61 Compound glycyrrhizin injection and control intervention Hydroxychloroquine, brombexine, and symptomatic support 1 No Response rate, amount of tear secretion, tear break-up time, salary flow rate, β 2-M, ESR, RF, IgA, IgG, IgM, and adverse effect Zhou 2006 [47 ] 2002 international
∗
60 Median: 50/46.25 5/55 Qingzao Jiedu Yangyin Runzao formula Prednisone and symptomatic support 3 No Response rate, amount of tear secretion, salivary flow rate, sugar-melt test, IgG, and adverse effect
Zhou 2006 [48 ] 2002 international
∗
45 55.0 11/34 Dandi Qiongyu granules and control intervention Brombexine, anethol trithione, thymopeptide, and symptomatic support 2 No Response rate and symptom score
Shen 2006 [49 ]
Feng 1999 [50 ] 60 52.8 4/56 Runzao oral liquid and control intervention Bromhexine and symptomatic support 3 Yes Response rate, amount of tear secretion, salivary flow rate, sugar-melt test, rose bengal staining test, foci lymphocyte infiltrates, ESR, RF, γ -globulin, anti-SSA antibody, anti-SSB antibody, antinuclear antibody, and adverse effect
Niu 2006 [51 ] 1992 Europe
∗
∗
40 33.4 1/39 Jianpi Huashi Qingre formula and control intervention Prednisone and symptomatic support 1 No Response rate, ESR, CRP, IgG, IgA, IgM, and improvement of symptoms and adverse effect
Chen 2006 [52 ] 1992 Europe
∗
∗
60 52.8 5/55 Suangan Shengjin formula Prednisone 6 No Response rate, RF, and ESR
Yang 2005 [53 ]
Feng 1999 [50 ] 84 41.5 3/81 Yangyin Shengjin formula and acupuncture Methotrexate 3 No Response rate, amount of tear secretion, salivary flow rate, ESR, CRP, and IgG Si 2005 [54 ] TCM diagnosis of SATCM [55 ] 58 22 to 70 26/32 Runzao Tuiyi Mingmu decoction and auricular-plaster therapy Prednisone and symptomatic support 1 to 3 No Response rate
Liu 2005 [56 ] 2002 international
∗
60 Median: 48.5/48 5/55 Qingzao formula Prednisone 3 No Response rate, improvement of symptoms, amount of tear secretion, salivary flow rate, ESR, CRP, and adverse effect
Zhao 2003 [57 ]
Dong 1996 [22 ] 60 Median: 48/44 2/58 Qiju Dihuang decoction Hydroxychloroquine and symptomatic support NA No Response rate and adverse effect
Qian 2003 [58 ] NA 72 NA 5/67 Jinxueyuan granules Brombexine 3 No Response rate, improvement of symptoms, sugar-melt test, amount of tear secretion, and ESR
Li 2003 [59 ]
Dong 1996 [22 ] 60 35 to 59 6/54 Shengmai injection and control intervention Symptomatic support 0.5 No Amount of tear secretion, salivary flow rate, and adverse effect Wu 2002 [60 ]
Dong 1996 [22 ] 40 Median: 56 4/36 Ziyin Huoxue formula and control intervention Thymosin and symptomatic support 2 No Response rate, salivary flow rate and amount of tear secretion Shen 2002 [61 ] Feng et al. 1999 [50 ] 60 52.9 5/55 Liuwei Dihuang decoction, Zengye decoction, and symptomatic support Bromhexine and symptomatic support 6 Yes Response rate, salivary flow rate, amount of tear secretion, sugar-melt test, tear break-up time, rose bengal staining test, lymphocytes Infiltration of a labial gland, RF, ESR, anti-SSA antibody, anti-SSB antibody, antinuclear antibody, and adverse effect Hu 2001 [55 ]
Manthorpe 1981 [62 ] 150 43.9 23/127 Zengye mixture formula Brombexine and thymopeptide 6 No Response rate, symptom improvement, amount of tear secretion, sugar-melt test, FL, ESR, ANA, RF, IgG, IgA, and IgM
Wang 2000 [63 ] 1992 Europe
∗
∗
40 50.4 5/35 Runzao mixture formula hydrochloride salt and symptomatic support NA No Response rate
Feng 2000 [50 ]
Dong1996 [22 ] 44 34 to 65 1/43 Shengjin Runzao granules Symptomatic support 1 No Salivary flow rate
Zhou 1997 [64 ] NA 50 52.0 12/38 Qiju Dihuang pill or Huanglian Shangqing pill or Maiwei Dihuang pill or Shihu Yeguang pill, fresh decoction of phragmites, Glycyrrhiza, and acupuncture parasympathomimetic alkaloid and symptomatic support NA No Response rate
Wang 2010 [65 ] 2002 international 57 Unclear Unclear Yiqi Yangyin quyu formula and placebo of hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine and placebo of yiqi yangyin quyu formula 6 No Sexual hormone, symptom improvement
