Vitamin E and the Healing of Bone Fracture: The Current State of Evidence

Table 5

Meta-synthesis based upon the cross-tabulation of individual parameter results from the included studies in the review according to type of procedure, type of parameter observed and day of post-fracture.

Type of parameter observed	Type of procedure	The result showed that the vitamin E; treatment group was significantly; superior to the control group	Postfracture day
			Below day 10	Day; 10–19	Day; 20–29	Day; 30–39	Day; 40–49	Day; 50 and above
Radiological-based assessment of bone formation	Internal fixation with Kirschner wire	Yes		1^B𝑑=1.13*				1^C𝑑=2.50
		No
	Distraction using external fixator	Yes				1^A𝑑=1.31	1^A𝑑=2.34
		No			1^A𝑑=0.56
Histological-based assessment of bone formation	Internal fixation with Kirschner wire	Yes						1^C𝑑=2.5
		No
	Distraction using external fixator	Yes					1^A𝑑=2.67
		No
	External fixation using cast immobilization	Yes			1^D𝑑=1.49
		No
	Fracture left in situ	Yes
		No		1^E𝑑=?	1^E𝑑=?
Radiological-based assessment of callous volume/callous index	Internal fixation with Kirschner wire	Yes
		No		1^B𝑑=?
	Fracture left in situ	Yes
		No		1^E𝑑=?	1^E𝑑=?
Radiological-based assessment of callous formation	Internal fixation with Kirschner wire	Yes
		No		1^B𝑑=0.15
Osteoblastic activity		Distraction using external fixator	Yes			1^A𝑑=2.35
	No		1^A𝑑=0.47

^AResult from Kurklu et al. [15]: normal bone, rabbit model, 20 mg/kg/day (intramuscular).
^BResult from Shuid et al. [18]: osteoprotic bone, rat model, 60 mg/kg/day (per oral).
^CResult from Turk et al. [21]: normal bone, rat model, 20 mg/kg/day (intraperitoneal).
^DResult from Durak et al. [23]: normal bone, rabbit model, 20 mg/kg/day (intramuscular) for the initial 5 days only.
^EResult from Sarisözen et al. [24]: normal bone, rat model, 40 mg/kg (intraperitoneal) (daily: day 1 to 3; 3x per week: day 4 onward).
*Significant result which has power less than 0.8.