Ginsenoside Rb1 Prevents MPP⁺-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells by Stimulating Estrogen Receptors with Consequent Activation of ERK1/2, Akt and Inhibition of SAPK/JNK, p38 MAPK

Figure 1

(a) Structure of ginsenoside Rb1 and MPP⁺. (b) Protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on MPP⁺-induced cytotoxicity. PC12 cells were pretreated with 10⁻⁶ M ginsenoside Rb1 for 4 hours and then exposed to 10⁻⁴ M MPP⁺ for 24 hours. The cell viability was expressed as the percent (%) of vehicle value by resazurin reduction (CellTiter-Blue) assay. ^∗𝑃<0.01 versus vehicle, ^∗∗𝑃<0.05 versus MPP⁺ treated group. (c) DNA fragmentation of PC12 cells induced by MPP⁺. PC12 cells were pretreated with 10⁻⁶ M ginsenoside Rb1 for 4 hours and then exposed to 10⁻⁴ M MPP⁺ for 24 hours. The experimental values were normalized and presented as a percentage of the vehicle section. The data represent means ± SD of three independent experiments. ^∗𝑃<0.01 versus vehicle, ^∗∗𝑃<0.05 versus MPP⁺ treated group. (d, e) Representative blots illustrating the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 during MPP⁺ exposure on activation of caspase-3 and Bcl-xL in PC12 cells. Cells were pretreated with 10⁻⁶M ginsenoside Rb1 for 4 hours and then exposed to 10⁻⁴M MPP⁺ for 24 hours.

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