Research Article
Effect of GCSB-5, a Herbal Formulation, on Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats
Table 3
Summary of microscopic findings.
| | | MIA | | | Vehicle | GCSB-5 (mg/kg) | Diclofenac | | | 300 | 600 | 5 mg/kg |
| Structural changes in the joint | | | | | | Surface irregularities | + | 0/4 | 2/4 | 1/4 | 2/4 | | ++ | 0/4 | 1/4 | 2/4 | 2/4 | | +++ | 4/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | 0/4 | Average pathology score | | 3 | 1.8 | 2 | 1.5 |
| Ulceration | + | 0/4 | 1/4 | 3/4 | 1/4 | | ++ | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | 2/4 | | +++ | 3/4 | 2/4 | 0/4 | 1/4 | Average pathology score | | 2.8 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 2 |
| Fibrillation of cartilage surface | + | 0/4 | 1/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | | ++ | 3/4 | 3/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | | +++ | 1/4 | 0/4 | 1/4 | 0/4 | Average pathology score | | 2.3 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.3 |
| Disorganization of chondrocytes | + | 0/4 | 1/4 | 3/4 | 3/4 | | ++ | 2/4 | 3/4 | 1/4 | 0/4 | | +++ | 2/4 | 0/4 | 0/4 | 1/4 | Average pathology score | | 2.5 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.5 |
| Exposure of subchondral bone | + | 2/4 | 1/4 | 0/4 | 0/4 | | ++ | 1/4 | 0/4 | 1/4 | 0/4 | | +++ | 1/4 | 0/4 | 0/4 | 0/4 | Average pathology score | | 1.8 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Cellular changes of chondrocyte | | | | | | hypertrophy | + | 1/4 | 3/4 | 1/4 | 0/4 | | ++ | 2/4 | 1/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 | | +++ | 1/4 | 0/4 | 0/4 | 0/4 | Average pathology score | | 2 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 2 |
| Degeneration/necrosis | + | 0/4 | 1/4 | 4/4 | 2/4 | | ++ | 1/4 | 0/4 | 0/4 | 2/4 | | +++ | 3/4 | 3/4 | 0/4 | 0/4 | Average pathology score | | 2.8 | 2.5 | 1 | 1.5 |
| Inflammatory cell infiltration | + | 1/4 | 3/4 | 2/4 | 3/4 | in synovial tissue | ++ | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | 0/4 | | +++ | 2/4 | 0/4 | 0/4 | 1/4 | Average pathology score | | 2.3 | 1.3 | 1 | 1.5 |
| Synovial cell proliferation | + | 1/4 | 3/4 | 3/4 | 3/4 | | ++ | 2/4 | 0/4 | 0/4 | 1/4 | | +++ | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | 0/4 | Average pathology score | | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 |
| Safranin-O staining | | | | | | Reduction of staining in cartilage | + | 0/4 | 3/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | | ++ | 0/4 | 0/4 | 0/4 | 1/4 | | +++ | 4/4 | 1/4 | 0/4 | 0/4 | Average pathology score | | 3 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.8 |
| Total pathology score (average ± S.E.M) | | | | | |
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+: mild, ++: moderate, and +++: severe.
a,bDenote significant differences (, ) versus the vehicle-treated MIA group. .
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