A Six-Month Supplementation of Mulberry, Korean Red Ginseng, and Banaba Decreases Biomarkers of Systemic Low-Grade Inflammation in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes

Table 4

Between treatment differences in inflammation indices following 6-month supplementation with herbal preparation or placebo in subjects with IGT or mild T2D.

	Treatment (𝑛=32)			Placebo (𝑛=30)
	Baseline	12 week	24 week	Baseline	12 week	24 week
ICAM (ng/mL)	224.4±76.82	𝟏𝟗𝟕.𝟎±𝟔𝟕.𝟓^∗{	213.8±85.19	218.7±102.6	𝟏𝟗𝟗.𝟎±𝟖𝟓.𝟏𝟎^†	236.7±109.6
VCAM (ng/mL)	668.4±171.5	651.8±174.3	𝟔𝟏𝟓.𝟑±𝟐𝟎𝟏.𝟖^†	701.2±223.9	660.9±228.0	707.9±315.1
ox-LDL (U/I)	60.2±17.55	63.82±18.28	𝟓𝟏.𝟗𝟖±𝟏𝟑.𝟗𝟗^‡	60.82±20.49	60.77±20.81	54.68±13.62
Lp(a) (mg/dL)	25.34±16.25	22.91±17.80	26.98±19.77	26.96±19.41	𝟐𝟒.𝟎𝟏±𝟏𝟗.𝟎𝟒^†	25.65±19.95
PAI-1 (ng/mL)	5.65±3.33	6.61±4.69	5.59±3.84	7.55±12.36	6.21±4.56	6.37±5.27
Hs-CRP (ng/mL)	1.64±1.90	1.66±1.18	1.33±1.42	2.05±2.94	1.55±1.74	1.87±2.96
		Mean difference (treatment versus placebo)
		0–12	12–24	0–24
ICAM (ng/mL)		7.73±57.54	𝟐𝟎.𝟖𝟗±𝟓𝟗.𝟕^𝐚	𝟐𝟖.𝟔𝟐±𝟕𝟐.𝟗𝟒^𝐛
VCAM (ng/mL)		−23.6±184.1	𝟖𝟑.𝟑𝟗±𝟏𝟗𝟗.𝟐^𝐚	59.76±244.9
ox-LDL (U/I)		−3.67±21.78	5.74±18.71	2.07±17.65
Lp(a) (mg/dL)		−0.52±10.19	−2.43±13.34	−2.95±12.87
PAI-1 (ng/mL)		−2.3±13.00	1.18±5.65	−1.12±13.13
Hs-CRP (ng/mL)		−0.52±3.97	0.65±2.54	0.13±4.25

* significantly different within-treatment change from baseline (𝑃<0.05, paired 𝑡-test) ^†< 0.05 ^‡< 0.01 ^¶< 0.001.
asignificantly different between-treatment change during week 12–24 (𝑃<0.05, the Wilcoxon rank sum test).
bsignificantly different between-treatment change during week 0–24 (𝑃<0.05, the Wilcoxon rank sum test).