Chlorella sorokiniana-Induced Activation and Maturation of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells through NF-κB and PI3K/MAPK Pathways
Figure 3
CS induces IL-12 secretion through PI3K/AKT and MAPKs pathways in DCs. ((a) and (b)) Time course of pAKT, p44/42 ERK, p38 MAPK, and p46/54 JNK phosphorylation in CS-stimulated DCs. Human DCs were treated with CS (30 μg/mL), and cell lysates were collected at different time points. The level of MAPK phosphorylations was analyzed by Western blotting (). (c) Effect of PI3K inhibitor LY294002 on MAPKs in CS-stimulated DCs. Human DCs were pretreated with various concentration of LY294002 (5, 25, 50, and 100 μM) for 1 h prior to CS (30 μg/mL) for 15 min. Cell lysates were collected, and MAPK phosphorylations were analyzed (). (d) The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 repressed CS-induced NF-κB p65 binding to DNA. Human DCs were pretreated with various concentration of LY294002 (5, 25, 50, and 100 μM) for 1 h prior to 2 h stimulation by CS (30 μg/mL). * compared to CS alone. ((e) and (f)) Inhibitors against PI3K, NF-κB, and MAPKs blocked CS-induced IL-12 secretion (e) and CD83, CD86 upregulation (f) (black bar: CD83; gray bar: CD86) in DC. Immature DCs were preincubated for 1 h with one of the following compounds: LY294002 (25 μM), Helenalin (2.5 μM), SB203580 (20 μM), PD98059 (50 μM), or JNK inhibitor II (20 μM) and followed by CS (30 μg/mL) stimulation for an additional 48 h. * compared to CS alone. N.D: nondetectable.
