The Tibetan Uterotonic Zhi Byed 11: Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Historical Use for Postpartum Hemorrhage

Table 3

Zhi Byed 11 ingredient side effects and toxicities.

Tibetan name^a	Common side effects and toxicities [32, 33]	Side effects and toxicities in large doses/prolonged use^b [33]
cong zhi	Constipation, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, diarrhea, and rebound hyperacidity	None found
lcum rtsa	Cramp like discomforts	None found
ma nu	Irritate mucus membranes, sensitizing, and can cause allergic contact dermatitis by forming haptens	Vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, and symptoms of paralysis
ol mo’se	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain	Seizures, stupor, coma, hepatotoxicity, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and apnea
sga skya	Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and hypersensitivity reactions	Arrhythmias
star bu	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal cramps, hepatotoxicity, dehydration, and nervousness/tremors	None found

^asbrul sha, rgya tsha, a ru, bul tog, and sdig srin toxicity data are not found ^bexact dosage not stated, but reported as “large” or dosing “prolonged”.