Alleviation of Morphine Withdrawal Signs but Not Tolerance by the Essential Oil of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff.

Table 1

The effect of acute administration of the essential oil of the K. odoratissima on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs in morphine dependent mice.

Treatment	Urine volume (mL)	Eye ptosis	Hair standing	Tremor
Control	2 (1–3)	3.5 (2–4)	3 (2-3)	3 (2-3)
Nifedipine (20 mg/kg)	1 (1-1)	2 (2-2)	1.5 (1-2)^*	1.5 (1-2)^*
Essence (25 mg/kg)	1.5 (1–3)	2.5 (2-3)	2.5 (2-3)	2 (2-3)
Essence (50 mg/kg)	1.5 (1-2)	2 (2-3)	2 (1–3)	2.5 (2–4)
Essence (100 mg/kg)	2 (1-2)	3.5 (2–4)	3 (2-3)	3 (2–4)

Morphine was given in increasing doses over a period of 5 days as described in method section. The different doses of K. odoratissima, nifedipine, and vehicle were injected 1 h after the last dose of morphine (1 h before naloxone injection). The withdrawal signs were precipitated by naloxone. Withdrawal signs were observed for 30 min. ^*𝑃<0.05 versus saline control using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA followed by Dunn’s test. The results are the median scores for withdrawal signs (± interquartile ranges in parenthesis).