Alleviation of Morphine Withdrawal Signs but Not Tolerance by the Essential Oil of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff.

Table 2

The effect of chronic administration of the essential oil of the K. odoratissima on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent mice.

Treatment	Urine volume (mL)	Eye ptosis	Hair standing	Tremor
Control	2 (2-2)	3 (1.5–3.5)	1.5 (1-2)	2 (2-3)
Nifedipine (10 mg/kg)	2 (1-2)	1.5 (1-2)	1 (1-2)	1 (1-1)^*
Essence (2.5 mg/kg)	2 (1-2)	2.5 (2-3)	2 (2-2)	2 (2-2)
Essence (5 mg/kg)	1.5 (1-2)	3 (2-3)	2 (1–3)	2 (1–3)
Essence (10 mg/kg)	1.5 (1-2)	2 (1-2)	2 (1-2)	1 (1-2)

Morphine was given in increasing doses over a period of 5 days as described in method section. Morphine was given twice daily over a period of 5 days. The different doses of K. odoratissima, nifedipine, and vehicle were injected once a day during morphine injection at the morning for 4 days. The withdrawal signs were precipitated by naloxone. Withdrawal signs were observed for 30 min. ^*𝑃<0.05 versus saline control using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA followed by Dunn’s test. The results are the median scores for withdrawal signs (± interquartile ranges in parenthesis).