β-Caryophyllene, a Compound Isolated from the Biblical Balm of Gilead (Commiphora gileadensis), Is a Selective Apoptosis Inducer for Tumor Cell Lines

Table 1

Composition of the essential oil from C. gileadensis leaves and fruits collected in Ein Gedi’s botanical garden, on June 2nd, 2009. General chemical profile and the content percentage of individual components are presented.

Components	% content in oil
α-Thujene	0.64
α-Pinene	7.21
Camphene	0.18
Sabinene	21.11
β-Pinene	0.90
α-Terpinene	—
Para-Cymene	0.16
Limonene	0.27
β-Phellandrene	0.80
(Z)-β-Ocimene	0.34
(E)-β-Ocimene	—
γ-Terpinene	2.75
cis-Sabinene hydrate	0.16
Terpinolene	—
Trans-Sabinene hydrate	0.20
allo-Ocimene	0.28
Borneol	—
Terpinen-4-ol	1.26
α-Terpineol	0.33
n-Decanal	—
Bornyl acetate	1.66
Bicycloelemene	2.21
α-Ylangene	0.63
β-Cubebene	0.10
β-Elemene	0.53
(E)-Jasmone	0.17
β-Caryophyllene	20.12
β-Copaene	1.85
6,9-Guaiadiene	0.43
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbone	0.77
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbone	0.69
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbone	1.29
α-Humulene	0.59
Dauca-5,8-diene	0.43
Germacrene D	19.62
Bicyclogermacrene	2.91
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbone	1.02
δ-Amorphene	1.35
γ-Cadinene	2.65
δ-Cadinene	0.37
Nerolidol	0.31
Germacrene D-4-ol	0.55