Multivariate Granger Causality Analysis of Acupuncture Effects in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients: An fMRI Study
Figure 3
Multivariate Granger causality relationships. There were remarkably causal interactions () following acupuncture at KI3 in MCI-Deep, HC-Deep, and MCI-Shallow, but no causal interactions following acupuncture at KI3 in HC-Shallow. Relative strength of path weights (in arbitrary units) was indicated by the width of the arrows. Abbreviations: ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; FG, fusiform gyrus; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; HYPO, hypothalamus; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; MTG, middle temporal gyrus; PreCN, precuneus; MPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; SMA, supplementary motor area; M1, primary motor cortex; IPL, inferior parietal lobule; MCC, middle cingulate cortex; HIPP, hippocampus; SII, secondary somatosensory cortex; SI, primary somatosensory cortex; pMCC, middle part of the posterior cingulate cortex; STG, superior temporal gyrus; aMCC, middle part of the anterior cingulate cortex.
