Review Article
Effect of Crataegus Usage in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: An Evidence-Based Approach
Table 3
Randomized, controlled, double-blind trials of Hawthorn extract for cardiovascular diseases.
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RCT: randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial; co: crossover; pg: parallel group; OPC: open prospective cohort study; bCrataegus extract WS 1442; cCrataegisan; dCrataegus extract LI 132; eOther extracts or preparations of Crataegus; MWL: maximal workload; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; PHRPI: pressure-heart rate product increase; BHP: blood pressure-heart rate product; HR: heart rate; BP: blood pressure; DP: double product (evaluated on a bicycle ergometric test and defined as heart rate × systolic blood pressure × 10−2 where HR is heart rate in bpm and BP blood pressure in mmHg); NYHA: New York Heart Association; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; NE: neutrophil elastase; LDL-C: LDL cholesterol; FMD: flow mediated dilation. |