Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 3

Interventions and outcomes of included studies.

Study	Intervention	Control	Outcome measurement
Ma and Zhang, 1997 [3]	Acupuncture + sparrow-pecking moxibustion	SASP + metronidazole	Efficacy
Gao, 1997 [4]	Acupoint application + moxibustion + decoction of traditional Chinese medicine	Traditional Chinese medicine	Efficacy
Wu et al., 1999 [5]	Drug-separated moxibustion	SASP	Efficacy, T lymphocyte subpopulations, HLA-DR antigen
Li et al., 2008 [6]	Moxa-box moxibustion + SASP	SASP	Efficacy, haemorheology, immunoglobulin, T lymphocyte subpopulations
Mo et al., 2010 [7]	Moxa-box moxibustion + traditional Chinese medicine enema	Traditional Chinese medicine enema	Efficacy
X. Guo and F. Guo, 2010 [8]	Warm moxibustion of acupoints	SASP + PAT	Efficacy, T lymphocyte subpopulations
Yang et al., 2011 [9]	Ginger moxibustion	Diphenoxylate	Efficacy
Zhou and Jin, 2008 [10]	Electroacupuncture + ginger moxibustion + SASP	SASP	Medical condition, efficacy, intestinal mucosa pathology, adverse reactions
Han et al., 2012 [11]	Auricular acupressure + salicylic acid preparations + traditional Chinese medicine + traditional Chinese medicine enema	Salicylic acid preparations + traditional Chinese medicine + traditional Chinese medicine enema	Enema retention time, efficacy
Jiang, 2012 [12]	Abdominal acupuncture + acupoint catgut embedding	Bupi Yichang pills	Symptom scores, efficacy, fibre colonoscopy
Zhou, 2003 [13]	Ginger moxibustion	SASP + prednisone tablets	Efficacy
Din et al., 2009 [14]	Ginger moxibustion	SASP	Efficacy
Wu et al., 2000 [15]	Moxibustion with herbal medicine underneath	SASP	Efficacy, colonic mucosal histopathology, mucin
Wen, 2003 [16]	Drug-separated moxibustion	SASP	Efficacy, immunoglobulin
Wang et al., 2006 [17]	Drug-separated moxibustion	SASP + metronidazole tablets	Efficacy, immunoglobulin, T lymphocyte subpopulations, NK content
Xu et al., 2010 [18]	Herb-partitioned moxibustion	SASP	Efficacy, adverse reactions
Zhang, 2012 [19]	Drug-separated moxibustion	SASP	Efficacy
Chi and Yu, 2011 [20]	Umbilical compression with traditional Chinese medicine + SASP	SASP	Efficacy
Luo, 2009 [21]	Balance cupping	Enteritidis tablet	Efficacy, symptom scores, immunoglobulin
Li et al., 2006 [22]	Application of musky warm umbilical cream + use of a specific electromagnetic spectrum therapeutic apparatus	SASP	Efficacy
Tian et al., 2012 [23]	Acupoint application	SASP	Efficacy, symptom scores
Chen, 2004 [24]	Acupoint catgut embedding	SASP	Efficacy
Li et al., 2006 [25]	Acupoint catgut embedding	SASP	Efficacy, stool characteristics, abdominal pain
Duan et al., 2012 [26]	Acupoint catgut embedding + traditional Chinese medicine enema	Traditional Chinese medicine enema	Efficacy, routine stool tests
Sun and Wang, 1998 [27]	Warm acupuncture + traditional Chinese medicine enema	Traditional Chinese medicine enema	Efficacy
Wang, 2008 [28]	Warm acupuncture	SASP + western medicine enema	Efficacy
Ma and Xu, 2005 [29]	Acupuncture + TDP	SASP	Efficacy
Cui, 2010 [30]	Acupuncture + moxibustion + SASP	SASP	Efficacy, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-10
Guo et al., 2007 [31]	Acupuncture + traditional Chinese medicine enema	Traditional Chinese medicine enema	Efficacy, intestinal microscopy
Wang et al., 2009 [32]	Electroacupuncture + ginger moxibustion + traditional Chinese and western medicine enema	Traditional Chinese and western medicine enema	Efficacy
Long and Yang, 2010 [33]	Acupuncture + traditional Chinese medicine enema	Traditional Chinese medicine enema	Efficacy, colonoscopy
Chen, 2010 [34]	Acupuncture + ginger moxibustion + traditional Chinese medicine enema	Traditional Chinese medicine enema	Efficacy
Sun and Wang, 2001 [35]	Acupuncture + ginger moxibustion	Shuanghuanglian compound + norfloxacin + gentamicin	Efficacy
Wang et al., 2006 [36]	Warm acupuncture	SASP	Efficacy
Shi et al., 2006 [37]	Electroacupuncture + moxibustion	SASP	Efficacy, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-l, and IL-10
Qun et al., 2012 [38]	Acupuncture + moxibustion + TDP	SASP	Efficacy, intestinal mucosa pathology, immunoglobulin
Xu, 2006 [39]	Ginger moxibustion + SASP	SASP	Efficacy
Zhang et al., 2011 [40]	Traditional acupuncture + Chinese medicine decoction	SASP	Efficacy, symptom scores, serum levels of IL-8 and IL-10
Joos et al., 2006 [41]	Traditional acupuncture + moxibustion	Sham acupuncture	CAI, QLO, general well-being, C-reactive protein, serum 𝛼1-acid glycoprotein
Yang and Yan, 1999 [42]	Acupuncture + moxibustion	SASP	Efficacy, routine examination of faeces, electrogastrograms, sigmoidoscopy
Joos et al., 2004 [43]	Traditional acupuncture + moxibustion	Sham acupuncture	CDAI, QLO, general condition, C-reactive protein, serum 𝛼1-acid glycoprotein
Ma, 1999 [44]	Acupuncture + sparrow-pecking moxibustion	SASP	Efficacy
Ma, 2005 [45]	Acupuncture	SASP	Efficacy

SASP: sulphasalazine; IBDQ: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire; CAI: Colitis Activity Index; QOL: quality of life; CDAI: Crohn's Disease Activity Index; PAT: pipemidic acid tablet; sham acupuncture: superficial needling at nonacupoints.