Acupuncture for Anxiety in Lactating Mothers with Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 1

Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of subjects (𝑛=29).

Variable	AG (𝑛=14)		PG (𝑛=15)		Total		P value
Sociodemographic
Age, mean (SD), min–max*, years	25,29 (6,51)	16–36*	28,33 (7,91)	16–40*	26,86 (7,30)	16–40*	0,269^a
Race, n (%)
Caucasian	7	(50)	7	(46,7)	14	(48,3)	1,000^b
Noncaucasian	7	(50)	8	(53,3)	15	(51,7)
Level of education, n (%)
Elementary and middle school	5	(35,7)	2	(13,3)	7	(24,1)	0,949^c
High school	5	(35,7)	12	(80,0)	17	(58,6)
University degree	4	(28,6)	1	(6,7)	5	(17,2)
Conjugal status, n (%)
With partner	10	(71,4)	11	(73,3)	21	(72,4)	1,000^b
Without partner	4	(28,6)	4	(26,7)	8	(27,6)
Family income, n (%), minimum wage
<1	4	(28,6)	2	(14,3)	6	(21,4)	0,769^c
1–3	8	(57,1)	11	(67,9)	19	(67,9)
>3	2	(14,3)	1	(7,1)	3	(10,7)
Employed, n (%)
Yes	8	(57,1)	11	(73,3)	19	(65,5)	0,450^b
No	6	(42,9)	4	(26,7)	10	(34,5)
Alcohol use, n (%)
Yes	1	(7,1)	2	(13,3)	3	(10,3)	1,000^b
No	13	(92,9)	13	(89,7)	26	(89,7)
Tobacco use, n (%)
Yes	2	(14,3)	0	(6,9)	2	(6,9)	0,224^b
No	12	(85,7)	15	(93,1)	27	(93,1)
Place of residence, n (%)
Londrina	8	(57,1)	12	(80,0)	20	(69,0)	0,245^b
Other cities	6	(42,9)	3	(20,0)	9	(31,0)
Obstetric
Parity, n (%)
Primiparous	4	(28,60)	7	(46,70)	14	(48,30)	0,450^b
Multiparous	10	(71,40)	8	(53,30)	15	(51,70)
Type of birth, n (%)
Vaginal	3	(21,4)	5	(33,3)	8	(27,6)	0,682^b
Cesarean	11	(78,6)	10	(66,7)	21	(72,4)
Pregnancy was planned, n (%)
Yes	6	(42,9)	6	(40,0)	12	(41,4)	1,000^b
No	8	(57,1)	9	(58,6)	17	(58,6)
Prenatal appointments, mean (SD), min–max*	7,79 (3,29)	5–16*	5,33 (2,47)	2–10*	6,52 (3,10)	2–16*	0,031^a
No. of pregnancies, mean (SD), min–max*	2,43 (2,31)	1–9*	1,93 (1,39)	1–5*	2,17 (1,87)	1–9*
No. of vaginal births, mean (SD), min–max*	0,71 (0,99)	0–3*	0,73 (1,10)	0–4*	0,72 (1,03)	0–4*
No. of cesareans, mean (SD), min–max*	1,00 (0,68)	0–3*	1,00 (0,85)	0–3*	1,00 (0,76)	0–3*
Abortion, n (%)
Yes	4	(26,6)	1	(6,7)	5	(17,2)
No	10	(71,4)	14	(93,3)	24	(82,8)

SD: standard deviation. ^aStudent’s t-test; ^bFisher’s exact test; ^cPearson’s correlation test.