| Type | Cells/tissues | Effects | Reference |
| In vitro research | HAECs | Activity of NF-κB. |
Sun et al., 2011 [61] | Endothelial cells | JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway, inhibit phosphorylation of JAK2, inhibit phosphorylation of STAT1, inhibit IP-10, MIG, and I-TAC, reduce adhesion role of monocyte to endothelial cells, increase expression of PIAS1, increase expression of SOCS1. |
Chen et al., 2006 [66] | Rat primary microglia | Production of IL-1b and ROS, production of NO, TNF-a, inhibit IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α. |
Cheng et al., 2012 [64] | Human peripheral T lymphocyte | Expressions of CD 25 and CD 69, down-regulate AP-1, NF-Κb, down-regulate Oct-1DNA-binding activity, inhibit c-JNK, IκBα degradation, inhibit nuclear translocation of p65 and p50, IKK activity, suppress JNK-AP-1, IKK-IκBα-NF-κB and Oct-1 signaling pathways, phosphorylation of ERK1/2. |
Chen et al., 2011 [65] | HASMCs | Phosphorylation of JNK, pathway of ERK1/2, c-JNK, and p38 MAPK, prostaglandin E2 production, NADPH oxidase activity. |
Chen et al., 2006 [66] | HAECs | NF-κB activation, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin. |
Xie et al., 2010 [67] |
| Type | Organ/animals | Effects | Reference |
| In vivo research | Mice brain | Expression of TNF-α, expression of IL-1, expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1. |
Chen et al., 2006 [66] |
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