Catechins and Sialic Acid Attenuate Helicobacter pylori-Triggered Epithelial Caspase-1 Activity and Eradicate Helicobacter pylori Infection

Figure 5

Effects of the combination of catechins and sialic acid (CASA) on oxidative stress in the stomach of mice. (a–d) The 3-NT expression in uninfected control mice (a), H. pylori-infected mice (b), CASA-treated H. pylori-infected mice (c), and CASA-treated uninfected mice (d). Brown color in (b) indicates 3-NT-positive staining. (e, f) The production of O₂^−• (e) and the expression NADPH oxidase gp91phox subunit (f). Each column with a vertical line represents mean ± SEM (𝑛=4). ^∗𝑃<0.05, compared to the untreated uninfected control; ^#𝑃<0.05, compared to H. pylori infection alone.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)