Authors, year, and country Study design
) Measures Effect of the group therapy Type of group therapy Definitions Religious/spiritual factors Quality assessment scores 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 O'Rourke (1996) 42 ] Qualitative,
) Audiotaped and transcribed the therapy sessions. Addressing spiritual issues in group psychotherapy greatly facilitate an integration of spirituality with all other dimensions of the individual’s personality. Spiritual issues group (psychodynamically oriented) Religion : the individual’s religious affiliation or denominational background.Spirituality : the individual’s ultimate values, relationship with others, and perception of the sacred which may be expressed within or outside the context of religious tradition.Creating a spiritual safe place for raising and exploring spiritual issues. 2 2 1 2 1 1 0 2 2 2 Goodman and Manierre (2008)39 ] Qualitative 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 Margolin et al. (2005) [40 ] Quantitative
) Drug use: urine samples, depression: BDI, Patients were abstinent significantly longer. Reductions in depression and anxiety. Spiritual self-schema therapy (cognitive-behavioral and Buddhist) for treatment of HIV-positive drug users. Spirituality or religion is not defined. Create, strengthen, and make the “spiritual self-schema” (3-S) more accessible for activation. 2 2 1 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 Richards and Owen (1993) [44 ] Quantitative,
) Depression: BDI, perfectionism: PS, self-esteem: CSE. Religious/spiritual well-being: SWBS. Participants scored low on depression and perfectionism, and high on self-esteem and existential well-being. Group counseling (cognitive methods) intervention for self-defeating perfectionism with devout Mormon clients. Spirituality or religion is not defined. Address religious beliefs that exacerbate perfectionistic tendencies and make these tendencies more difficult to overcome. 1 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 Rungreangkulkij et al. (2011) [45 ] Quantitative, pretest-posttest design with matched control group:
) Depression: PHQ-9 6-month followup: 65.5% of control group and 100% of Buddhist group returned to normal. A Buddhist group therapy for diabetes patients with depressive symptoms. Buddhistic principles: Creating insights about cravings and being able to realize the law of impermanence and nonself. 2 2 1 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 Revheim et al. (2010) [46 ] Quantitative, follow-up design with matched control group.
) Spirituality status: SSQ, self-efficacy: SES, quality of life: QOL, hopefulness: HHI. Group attendees’ had significant higher spirituality status and hope than nonattendees. “The spirituality matters group” for patients with schizophrenia in the recovery process. Spirituality : personal beliefs and values related to the meaning and purpose of life, which may include faith in a higher purpose or power.Explore nondenominational religious and spiritual themes designed to facilitate comfort and hope. 2 2 1 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 Garlick et al. (2011) [47 ] Quantitative, pretest-posttest-follow-up design.
) Physical well-being: FACT-B, psychological well-being: POMS, posttraumatic growth: PTGI, spiritual well-being: FACIT-Sp-Ex. Participants improved psychological well-being, physical well-being, spiritual well-being, and posttraumatic growth A Psychospiritual integrative therapy (PSIT) for women with primary breast cancer. Spiritualty : a variety of practices and beliefs that may or may not stem from a particular denomination. Includes meaning, faith-based, and existential coping components.Addressing worldviews, life purpose, and life meaning. 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
Austad and Folleso (2003) [41 ] Quantitative, pretest-posttest design.
) General symptoms: SCL-90, depression: BDI, interpersonal problems: IIP. The average of the patients’ general symptoms went from 1.2 to 0.7. The average for depression went from 19.8 to 8.8. “Vita-prosjektet” for patients who have religious and existential experiences as an important element in their illness. Spirituality or religion is not defined. Address God representations. 1 0 0 1 2 2 0 1 2 2 Tarakeshwar et al. (2005) [43 ] Quantitative, pretest-posttest design.
) Religious beliefs/practices: selected subscales from BMMRS, psychological distress: CES-D. Patients reported higher self-rated religiosity, less negative spiritual coping, lower depression, and more positive spiritual coping. A spiritual coping group intervention for HIV patients. Spirituality : relationship with God/higher power, renewed engagement with life, relationship with family.Reflect on how spirituality helped or hindered coping with HIV. 1 0 0 2 2 2 0 1 2 2
Jimenez (1993) [38 ] Quantitative 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
