What Is the de-qi-Related Pattern of BOLD Responses? A Review of Acupuncture Studies in fMRI

Table 1

Experimental details of fMRI studies on BOLD responses of de-qi.

Studies	Acupoints used	Stimulation	Sensations evaluated	Grouping
Studies that compared central BOLD responses between de-qi and sharp pain groups
Hui et al., 2000 [54]	LI4	Manual	de-qi, pain	de-qi group: 11; sharp pain group: 2
Hui et al., 2005 [33]	ST36	Manual	Their own scale	de-qi group: 11; sharp pain group: 4
Hui et al., 2009 [55]	LI4, LV3, ST36	Manual	Their own scale	de-qi group: 37 (scans); sharp pain group: 29 (scans)
Sun et al., 2012 [40]	ST36	Manual	Their own scale	de-qi group: 19; sharp pain group: 19
Studies where no subjects reported sharp pain/excluded subjects who experienced sharp pain from fMRI analysis
Napadow et al., 2005 [34]	ST36	Electro	Their own scale	Total: 13
Jeun et al., 2005 [78]	GB34	Manual	Their own scale	Total: 10
Kong et al., 2007 [79]	GB37, UB60	Electro	SASS	Total: 8
Zhou and Jia, 2008 [66]	HT7, ST36, ST40, KI3	Electro	Their own scale	Total: 26
Fang et al., 2009 [32]	LV3, LV2, ST44	Manual	Their own scale	Total: 10
Na et al., 2009 [80]	GB34	Manual	Their own scale	Total: 12
Bai et al., 2010 [81]	PC6, PC7, GB37	Electro	Their own scale	Total: 36
Qiu et al., 2010 [82]	LI4, LV3, ST36	Manual	Their own scale	Total: 38
Fang et al., 2012 [85]	CV4, CV12	Electro	Their own scale	Total: 17
Sun et al., 2012 [40]	ST36	Manual	Their own scale	Total: 52