Research Article
Integrative TCM Conservative Therapy for Low Back Pain due to Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Table 2
Changes in primary and secondary outcomes*.
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Values are means with means ± SD or the 95% confidence (CI). M1: measurements were obtained at baseline; M2: immediately after the last intervention; M3: one month after the last intervention; M4: six months after the last intervention. ▾The VAS scores means at different timepoints between two groups were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Within-subjects effects tests of different timepoints means, , . Between-subjects effects tests of different group means, , . The C-SFODI means at different timepoints between two groups were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Within-subjects effects tests of different timepoints means, , . Between-subjects effects tests of different group means, , . values were calculated with independent-samples -test for mean change from baseline between two groups. ※Visual analogue scale (VAS, scores range 0 to 100) with higher scores indicating greater pain. †The Chinese Short Form Oswestry Disability Index (C-SFODI, range 0 to 100%) consists of 9 questions, with higher percentage indicating more severe functional disability. |