Evidence of Antidepressive Effects of a Wakan-yaku, Hochuekkito, in Depression Model Mice with Learned-Helplessness Behavior

Figure 1

Learned-helplessness paradigm to develop depression model mice. The number of escape failures of the footshock-naïve control (nonstressed) and animals that had received inescapable footshock (stressed) was analyzed. The stressed animals received footshock under inescapable conditions once a day for 3 consecutive days. The avoidance test was performed on days 4 and 18 under escapable conditions. The avoidance test on day 18 was conducted 60 min after the last drug administration. The data are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M.