Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae): Botanical Properties, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

Table 4

Aliphatic natural products isolated from B.  pilosa [27].

S. N.	IUPAC names	Common names	Structure	Plant part (country)	References
1	Heneicosane		CH3(CH2)19CH3	Aerial (Tanzania)	[25]
2	Docosane		CH3(CH2)20CH3	Aerial (Tanzania)	[25]
3	Tricosane		CH3(CH2)21CH3	Aerial (Tanzania)	[25]
4	Tetracosane		CH3(CH2)22CH3	Aerial (Tanzania)	[25]
5	Pentacosane		CH3(CH2)23CH3	Aerial (Tanzania)	[25]
6	Hexacosane		CH3(CH2)24CH3	Aerial (Tanzania)	[25]
7	Heptacosane		CH3(CH2)25CH3	Aerial (Tanzania)	[25]
8	Octacosone		CH3(CH2)26CH3	Aerial (Tanzania); not found; (Taiwan)	[25, 58]
9	Nonacosane		CH3(CH2)27CH3	Aerial (Tanzania); not found; (Taiwan)	[25, 58]
10	Triacontane		CH3(CH2)28CH3	Aerial (Tanzania); not found; (Taiwan)	[25, 58]
11	Hentriacontane		CH3(CH2)29CH3	Aerial (Tanzania); not found; (Taiwan)	[25, 58]
12	Dotriacontane		CH3(CH2)30CH3	Aerial (Tanzania); not found; (Taiwan)	[25, 58]
13	Tritriacontane		CH3(CH2)31CH3	Aerial (Tanzania); not found; (Taiwan)	[25, 58]
14	2-Butoxy-ethanol		CH3(CH2)3OCH2CH2OH	Whole (Taiwan)	[59]
15	Tetracosan-1-ol		CH3(CH2)22CH2OH	Aerial (Tanzania)	[25]
16	Hexacosan-1-ol		CH3(CH2)24CH2OH	Aerial (Tanzania)	[25]
17	1-Octacosanol		CH3(CH2)26CH2OH	Aerial (Tanzania)	[25]
18	1-Hentriacontanol		CH3(CH2)29CH2OH	Not found (Taiwan)	[58]
19	Tetradecanoic acid	Myristic acid	CH3(CH2)12CO2H	Aerial (Tanzania)	[25]
20	Hexadecanoic acid	Palmitic acid	CH3(CH2)14CO2H	Aerial (Tanzania)	[25]
21	Octadecanoic acid	Stearic acid	CH3(CH2)16CO2H	Aerial (Tanzania)	[25]
22	Eicosanoic acid	Arachidic acid	CH3(CH2)18CO2H	Aerial (Tanzania)	[25]
23	Docosanoic acid	Behenic acid	CH3(CH2)20CO2H	Leaves (Philippines)	[60]
24	2-butenedioic acid			Aerial (China)	[61, 62]
25	(Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid	Oleic acid		Aerial (Tanzania)	[25]
26	(E)-9-Octadecenoic acid	Elaidic acid		Leaves (Philippines)	[60]
27	(Z,Z)-9,12- Octadecadienoic acid	Linolic acid or Linoleic acid		Aerial (Tanzania); whole (Taiwan)	[25, 63]
28	(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid	α-Linoleic acid		Whole (Taiwan)	[59]
29	(Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester	Ethyl linoleate		Whole (Taiwan)	[59]
30	(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester	Methyl linolenate		Whole (Taiwan)	[59]
31	(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester	Ethyl linolenate		Whole (Taiwan)	[59]
32	(Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid, 2-butoxyethyl ester	2-Butoxyethyl oleate		Whole (Taiwan)	[59]
33	2-Butoxyethyl linoleate			Whole (Taiwan)	[59]
34	(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, butoxyethyl ester	2-Butoxyethyl linoleate		Whole (Taiwan)	[59]
35	1,7E,9E,15E-Heptadecatetraene-11,13-diyne	Heptadeca-2E,8E,10E,; 16-tetraen-4,6-diyne		Not found (China)	[64]
36	1,11-Tridecadiene-3,5,7,9-tetrayne			Roots (not stated)	[65]
37	1-Tridecene-3,5,7,9,11-pentayne	Pentayneene		Leaves (not stated) and; not found (Egypt)	[65, 66]
38	5-Tridecene-7,9,11-triyne-3-ol			not found (Egypt)	[66]
39	2,10,12-Tridecatriene-4,6,8-triyn-1-ol			Part not specified (Not stated)	[67]
40	2,12-Tridecadiene-4,6,8,10-tetrayn-1-ol	1,11-Tridecadiene-3,5,7,9-; tetrayn-13-ol		Roots (Not stated); not found; (Egypt)	[65, 66]
41	2,12-Tridecadiene-4,6,8,10-tetraynal	1,11-Tridecadiene-3,5,7,9-; tetrayn-13-al		Roots (Germany)	[68]
42	2,12-Tridecadiene-4,6,8,10-tetrayn-1-ol, 1-acetate	1,11-Tridecadiene-3,5,7,9-; tetrayn-13-acetate		Roots (not stated)	[65]
43	(5E)-1,5-Tridecadiene-7,9-diyn-3,4,13-triol			Aerial (China)	[69]
44	(6E,12E)-3-oxo-tetradeca-6,12-dien-8,10-diyn-1-ol			Aerial (China)	[69]
45	(E)-5-Tridecene-7,9,11-triyne-1,2-diol	1,2-Dihydroxy-5(E)-tridecene-; 7,9,11-triyne		Whole (Taiwan)	[28]
46	(E)-6-Tetradecene-8,10,12-triyne-1,3-diol	1,3-Dihydroxy-6(E)-tetradecene-; 8,10,12-triyne		Whole (Taiwan)	[28, 70, 71]
47	(2R,3E,11E)-3,11-Tridecadiene-5,7,9-triyne-1,2-diol	Safynol		Not found (Egypt and China)	[64, 66]
48	5,7,9,11-Tridecatetrayne-1,2-diol	1,2-Dihydroxytrideca-; 5,7,9,11-tetrayne		Whole (Taiwan)	[28, 70, 72]
49	(R)-3,5,7,9,11-Tridecapentayne-1,2-diol	(R)-1,2-Dihydroxytrideca-; 3,5,7,9,11-pentayne		Aerial (Japan)	[51]
50	(4E)-1-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-dodecene-; 6,8,10-triyn-1-yl-β-D-glucopyranoside	2-β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-; 1-hydroxy-5(E)-tridecene-; 7,9,11-triyne		Aerial (USA); whole (Taiwan); leaves (Taiwan)	[7, 44, 45, 50, 71, 73]
51	(4E)-1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-4-dodecene-; 6,8,10-triyn-1-yl-β-D-glucopyranoside	3-β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-; 1-hydroxy-6(E)-; tetradecene-8,10,12-triyne		Aerial (USA and China); whole; (Taiwan); leaves (Taiwan)	[7, 44, 45, 50, 62, 69, 71, 73]
52	3-Hydroxy-6-tetradecene-8,10,12-triynyl-β-D-glucopyranoside	β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-; 3-hydroxy-; 6E-tetradecence-; 8,10,12-triyne		Whole (Mexico)	[74]
53	1-(Hydroxymethyl)-4,6,8,10-dodecatetrayne-; 1-yl-β-D-glucopyranoside	Cytopiloyne,; 2-β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-; 1-hydroxytrideca-; 5,7,9,11-tetrayne		Whole (Taiwan); leaves (Taiwan)	[7, 46, 50]
54	2-O-D-Glucosyltrideca-11E-en-3,5,7,9-tetrayn-1,2-diol			Leaves (Brazil)	[18]
55	(R)-1-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,4,6,8,10-dodecapentayn-; 1-yl-β-D-glucopyranoside	2-β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-; 1-hydroxytrideca-; 3,5,7,9,11-pentayne		Aerial (China and Japan)	[51, 62]
56	1-[[(Carboxyacetyl)oxy]; methyl]4,6,8,10-; dodecatetraynyl-; β-D-glucopyranoside			Aerial (Japan)	[75]
57	(4E)-1-[[(Carboxyacetyl)oxy]; -methyl]-4-dodecene-; 6,8,10-triynyl-β-D-; glucopyranoside			Aerial (Japan)	[75]
58	(4E)-1-[[(Carboxyacetyl); oxy]-ethyl]-4-dodecene-; 6,8,10-triynyl-; β-D-glucopyranoside			Aerial (Japan)	[75]
59	(5E)-5-Heptene-1,3-diyn-1-yl-benzene	1-Phenylhepta-1,3-diyn-5en		Whole (Taiwan)	[59]
60	7-Phenyl-2(E)-heptene-4,6-diyn-1-ol			Roots (not stated); Aerial (China)	[65, 69]
61	7-Phenyl-2(E)-heptene-4,6-diyn-1-ol-acetate			Roots (not stated; Brazil)	[65, 76, 77]
62	7-Phenyl-4,6-heptadiyn-2-ol	Pilosol A		Whole (Taiwan); aerial (China)	[69, 78]
63	7-Phenylhepta-4,6-diyn-1,2-diol			Aerial (China)	[69]
64	1,3,5-Heptatriyn-1-yl-benzene	1-Phenylhepta-1,3,5-triyne		Leaves (not stated); leaves of tissue culture; (not stated); aerial (Tanzania; China); Whole (Taiwan); roots (Brazil)	[25, 61, 65, 69, 77–79]
65	7-Phenyl-2,4,6-heptatriyn-1-ol			Leaves (not stated); aerial (China)	[65, 69]
66	7-Phenyl-2,4,6-heptatriyn-1-ol-acetate			Leaves (not stated)	[65]
67	5-(2-Phenylethynyl)-2-thiophene methanol			Aerial (China)	[69]
68	5-(2-Phenylethynyl)-2β-glucosylmethyl-thiophene			Aerial (China)	[69]
69	3-β-D-; Glucopyranosyl-1-hydroxy-6(E)-; tetradecene-8,10,12-triyne			Leaves (Cameroon)	[19]
70	1-Phenyl-1,3-diyn-5-en-7-ol-acetate			Leaves (Brazil)	[18]

S.N. denotes serial number.