The Ethanol Extract of Zingiber zerumbet Attenuates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats

Table 2

Effects of different treatments on renal function related parameters in rats.

Groups	Week 4	Week 8
Urine volume (mL 24 h^−1)
Normal + vehicle	5.37 ± 3.28^d	8.99 ± 3.92^d
STZ + vehicle	26.14 ± 9.46^b	27.34 ± 9.01^b
STZ + EEZZR 200	18.23 ± 10.27^b	17.51 ± 7.83^b
STZ + EEZZR 300	14.89 ± 7.09^b	15.24 ± 8.74^b
STZ + Met	13.03 ± 8.17^b	12.29 ± 6.43^b
Urine protein (mg 24 h^−1)
Normal + vehicle	6.13 ± 3.62^d	6.57 ± 3.17^d
STZ + vehicle	26.59 ± 5.17^b	30.17 ± 7.26^b
STZ + EEZZR 200	18.24 ± 6.32^a,c	15.79 ± 5.23^a,c
STZ + EEZZR 300	12.98 ± 4.01^d	11.81 ± 3.17^d
STZ + Met	10.13 ± 5.33^d	8.86 ± 4.06^d
Serum Cr (𝜇mol L^−1)
Normal + vehicle	38.26 ± 6.38^d	40.13 ± 7.14^d
STZ + vehicle	71.59 ± 8.45^b	100.36 ± 10.21^b
STZ + EEZZR 200	67.43 ± 9.08^b	89.11 ± 8.37^b
STZ + EEZZR 300	58.21 ± 8.23^a,d	72.23 ± 9.25^a,d
STZ + Met	49.76 ± 8.12^a,d	56.24 ± 8.76^a,d
BUN (mmol L^−1)
Normal + vehicle	6.47 ± 1.92^c	7.22 ± 1.39^c
STZ + vehicle	12.76 ± 2.94^a	16.31 ± 3.02^a
STZ + EEZZR 200	10.38 ± 2.41^a	12.19 ± 2.33^a
STZ + EEZZR 300	8.46 ± 1.71	11.47 ± 2.26
STZ + Met	7.32 ± 1.83	10.18 ± 2.14
Ccr (mL min^−1 per kg)
Normal + vehicle	3.68 ± 1.28	3.82 ± 0.96^a
STZ + vehicle	1.86 ± 1.04	1.73 ± 0.92^c
STZ + EEZZR 200	2.43 ± 0.84	2.22 ± 0.78
STZ + EEZZR 300	2.85 ± 0.52	2.64 ± 1.24
STZ + Met	3.12 ± 0.73	3.16 ± 0.92

STZ-diabetic rats were dosed by oral gavage once per day for eight weeks with 100 mg kg⁻¹ per day metformin (STZ + Met), 200 mg kg⁻¹ per day EEZZR (STZ + EEZZR 200), or 300 mg kg⁻¹ EEZZR (STZ + EEZZR 300). Normal or STZ-diabetic rats receiving vehicle treatment were given the same volume of vehicle (distilled water) used to dissolve the test medications. Values (mean ± SD) were obtained for each group of 8 animals. aP < .05 and bP < .01 compared to the values of vehicle-treated normal rats (normal + vehicle). cP < .05 and dP < .01 compared to the values of vehicle-treated STZ-diabetic rats (STZ + vehicle), respectively.