Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review of Da Chuanxiong Formula: A Famous Herb Pair Composed of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Gastrodiae Rhizoma for Headache

Table 1

Main chemical constituents and relative detection methods of CR.

Compound type	Compound name	Extract	Detection method	References
Phthalide compounds; (Figure 1)	Z-6,8′,7,3′-Diligustilide	Ethanol	^1H-NMR/^13C-NMR	[16]
		Diethyl ether	^13C-NMR	[17]
		Ethanol	^1H-NMR/^13C-NMR	[16]
		60% ethanol	LC-ESI-MS	[18]
		95% ethanol	TOF-MS/NMR	[19]
		Diethyl ether	^13C-NMR	[17]
	Z′′-3,8-Dihydro-6,6′,7,3′α-diligustilide	Diethyl ether	^13C-NMR	[17]
	4-Hydroxy-3-butylphthalide	80% methano	HPLC	[20]
		Acetic ether	MS	[21]
		95% ethanol	TOF-MS/NMR	[19]
	Ligustilide	Acetic ether	GC-MS	[22]
		80% methanol	HPLC	[20]
		60% ethanol	LC-ESI-MS	[18]
		Ethanol	^1H-NMR/^13C-NMR	[16]
	Senkyunolide F	Acetic ether	MS	[21]
	Senkyunolide I	95% ethanol	TOF-MS/NMR	[19]
		Acetic ether	MS	[21]
	Senkyunolide P	60% ethanol	LC-ESI-MS	[18]
	4,5-Dihydro-3-butylphthalide	Diethyl ether	^13C-NMR	[17]
	Chuanxiongol	80% methanol	HPLC	[20]
	6,7-di-Hydroxyligustilide	80% methanol	HPLC	[20]
	3-n-Butylphthalide	60% ethanol	LC-ESI-MS	[18]
		Acetic ether	GC-MS	[22]
Organic acids; (Figure 2)	Feulic acid	Ethanol	^1H-NMR	[23]
		95% ethanol	NMR	[19]
		Ethanol	IR/^1H-NMR	[24]
		80% methanol	HPLC	[20]
		60% ethanol	LC-ESI-MS	[18]
	Caffeic acid	95% ethanol	NMR	[19]
		Ethanol	IR/^1H-NMR	[24]
		80% methanol	HPLC	[20]
	Succinic acid	95% ethanol	NMR	[19]
	Sadanic acid	Ethanol	IR/^1H-NMR	[24]
	Sinapic acid	Ethanol	^1H-NMR	[23]
	Protocatechuic acid	80% methanol	HPLC	[20]
	Augustic acid	Acetic ether	MS	[21]
Phenols; (Figure 3)	Chrysophanol	Ethanol	IR/^1H-NMR	[24]
	Pregnenlone	Ethanol	^1H-NMR	[23]
		95% ethanol	NMR	[19]
		Acetic ether	MS	[21]
		95% ethanol	NMR	[19]
		Water	EI-MS/FAB-MS	[21]
Essential oil; (Figure 4)	Xiongterpene	Acetic ether	MS	[21]
		95% ethanol	NMR	[19]
	(4S)-p-menth-1-ene-4,7-diol	Acetic ether	MS	[21]
		Water	EI-MS/FAB-MS	[21]
	3(R), 8(S), 9(Z)-Falcarindiol	Acetic ether	MS	[21]
		Water	EI-MS/FAB-MS	[21]
	1,7,7-Trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl	Acetic ether	GC-MS	[22]
	b-Phellandrene	Acetic ether	GC-MS	[22]
	γ-Terpinene	Acetic ether	GC-MS	[22]
	(R)-(−)-p-menth-1-en-4-ol	Acetic ether	GC-MS	[22]
	p-Mentha-1,4(8)-diene	Acetic ether	GC-MS	[22]
	Monopalmitin	95% ethanol	NMR	[19]
	(−)-Spathulenol	Acetic ether	GC-MS	[22]
	2-Chloro-1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-methyl-1-propanone	Acetic ether	GC-MS	[22]
Alkaloid; (Figure 5)	Tetramethylpyrazine	80% methanol	HPLC	[20]
	Choline	80% methanol	HPLC	[20]