The Ameliorating Effect of Steamed and Fermented Codonopsis lanceolata on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

Figure 2

Effects of fermented C. lanceolata on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice in the passive avoidance test: (a) training trial, (b) test trial. The values shown are the mean latency time (s) ± SD (𝑛=7).   *𝑃<0.05,   **𝑃<0.01, and ***𝑃<0.001 compared to the scopolamine group.

(a)

(b)